Both sides of the conflict had routienly exchanged prisoners in the early stages of the Civil War, with a larger population the North elected to go with a war of attrition which eventually wore the troop resources of the South down.
The North's advantage in its large population allowed for the recruitment of more soldiers. In terms of personal property, this was not a factor during the US Civil War.
In the US Civil War, the North had the advantage in population and industry. The South had the advantage of better officers, and that they were defending their homes.
One advantage was their superior industrial capacity, but the North also had a much larger population with which to replenish their losses.
The single most consistent advantage for the South during the US Civil War was that they only needed a successful defensive war to win independence.
The Union had an overwhelmingly larger population than the Confederacy. This was true before, during and after the US Civil War. The North's population was about 23 million, while the South's population was about 9 million. Almost four million of this was the slave population.
During the Civil War, Congress took advantage of the absence of southerners in the House and Senate to do all of the following, except
60,000
Railroads Manufacturing Industry
superior generals
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The Union navy had naval superiority during the Civil War.
During the US Civil War, the Northern forces had a significant advantage in terms of the available number of men for the army.