Introduction
Social Legislation generally means 'The Laws' designed to improve and protect the economic & social position of those group in society which because of age, race, sex, physical or mental disability or lack of economic power, can't achieve healthful standards of living for themselves.
Need of Social Legislation
1. Social Legislation is for social change
2. Social Legislation is leads to social welfare
3. Social Legislation set-up for the development of the society
Social Legislation in a Welfare State
State Intervention is required to safe guard mutual rights & duties. Social Legislation especially in a adjustable instrument, stratifying the requirement of an ever changing society.
Definition
According to Oliver Wendell, "Legislation of today is to meet the social needs of yesterday.
Nature of Legislation in Welfare State:
1. Women welfare
2. Child welfare
3. Schedule caste development
4. Welfare of OBC
5. Welfare of disable person
6. Labour welfare
7. Housing welfare
VARIOUS LEGISLATIONS AS MEANS OF SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL CONTROL
There are various laws in India, which have made an impact on the society. Some of them are listed below-
· Abolition of sati
· Dowry prohibition act
· Domestic violence act
· Protection of civil rights act
· Labor welfare laws
· Indian penal code
· Special Marriage act
· Hindu marriage act
· Muslim marriage act
· Christian marriage act
· Juvenile justice act etc.
· The Child Labour (Prhibition and regulation)Act
· The factories Act
· The mines Act
· The minimum wages Act
· The right of children free and compulsory education Act, 2009
This laws that have been successful in bringing about reform in the society. If one goes down the line of history it can be seen that there had been a lot of resistance to the act but eventual these laws have helped in establishing an order in the society. In this assignment I would like to discuss the provisions of right to education and how it has been successful in bringing about a social change and how it would promote social control in future.
The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Amendment Act, 2006
— An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to juveniles in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection, by providing for proper care, protection and treatment by catering to their development needs, and by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposition of matters in the best interest of children and for their ultimate rehabilitation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Whereas the Constitution has, in several provisions, including clause (3) of article15, clauses (e) and (f) of article 39, articles 45 and 47, impose on the State a primary responsibility of ensuring.
While provisions relating to the Juveniles in conflict with law are very important from jurisprudence point of view, this Act becomes very crucial for Children in Need of Care and Protection, as they are very large in number. Section 29 of the Act provides constituting five members District (Administrative unit in India) level quasi-judicial body "Child Welfare Committee". One of the members is designated as Chairperson. At least one of the members shall be woman. The Committee shall have the final authority to dispose of cases for the care, protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation of the 'Children in Need of Care and Protection' as well as to provide for their basic needs and protection of human rights.
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
— The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in 13 occupations and 57 processes that are hazardous to the children's lives and health. These occupations and processes are listed in the Schedule to the Act. This Act help to avoid the child labour.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009
The major reason of poverty and the increasing rate of crimes was recognized as the being due to lack of education. It was also seen that the education was also being used as a medium which could be accessed by the rich and the haves. Thereby leading to discrimination and therefore the act was necessary to ensure at least primary education to all the children.
The Directive principles of sate policy also enumerates some of the measures to protect the children and promote their best interest. Some of the articles are listed below-
· Article 39(e) and(f) provides that the state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing to"ensure that the health and strength of workers, men and women and the tender age of children are not abused" and "that the citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength" and that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity" and that the childhood and youth are protected agaist exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.
· Article 45- the state shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
· Article47- the state shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of is people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties.
The Factories Act, 1948:
The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years. An adolescent aged between 15 and 18 years can be employed in a factory only if he obtains a certificate of fitness from an authorized medical doctor. The Act also prescribes four and a half hours of work per day for children aged between 14 and 18 years and prohibits their working during night hours.
Social control
Social control refers generally to societal and political mechanisms or processes that regulate individual and group behavior, leading to conformity and compliance to the rules of a given society, state, or social group. Many mechanisms of social control are cross-cultural, if only in the control mechanisms used to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie. Some theorists, such as Émile Durkheim, refer to this form of control as regulation. Sociologists identify two basic forms of social controls:
1. Internal Control- Internalisation of norms and values by a process known as socialization. Socialization is defined as ""the process by which an individual, born with behavioral potentialities of enormously wide range, is led to develop actual behavior which is confined to the narrower range of what is acceptable for him by the group standards."
2. External Control- External sanctions, which can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishment).These sanctions come from either formal or informal control.
Social norms, laws, rules, and sanctions are frequently used to exert external social control. These mechanisms help guide people's behavior and ensure conformity to the customs and values of a particular society or community.
The main parts of sociology include social institutions, social groups, social norms, socialization, social stratification, social change, and social movements. These elements help sociologists analyze and understand how society functions and affects individuals.
Yes, personality differences about control can influence how individuals engage in social activism. Those who prefer more control may take on leadership roles or organize campaigns, while those who prefer less control may contribute through support roles or participating in demonstrations. Understanding and respecting these differences can help social movements be more inclusive and effective.
The study of social stability and order falls under the field of sociology, specifically focusing on how societies maintain coherence and harmony through various social structures, norms, and institutions. This area of study delves into factors such as social control, social cohesion, and the mechanisms that help prevent or address disruptions to the established order within a society.
Social control in groups is achieved through shared norms, values, and expectations that guide members' behavior. Peer pressure, conformity, and informal sanctions such as praise or disapproval help maintain social order within the group. Group cohesion and a sense of belonging can also foster compliance with group norms.
the purpose of a legislation is to make laws and help keep congress organized.
Bismark chose to supporte social legislation in Parliment for a few reasons. A couple of reasons were to keep the local people from starting a revolution as well as shaping the local goverment for the future.
to enforce norms
Social norms, laws, rules, and sanctions are frequently used to exert external social control. These mechanisms help guide people's behavior and ensure conformity to the customs and values of a particular society or community.
Helps to identify your weaknesses, strengths and inform you of any changes in legislation.
No, social status did not help.
Social skills training may help with problems with social skills, but it does not help with the other symptoms.
Legislation relating to general health and safety in health or social care can be identified by researching specific acts and regulations such as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 in the UK. These laws set out the legal requirements and responsibilities for employers and employees to ensure a safe working environment in healthcare and social care settings. Additionally, consulting with regulatory bodies or industry-specific guidelines can help identify relevant legislation.
The main parts of sociology include social institutions, social groups, social norms, socialization, social stratification, social change, and social movements. These elements help sociologists analyze and understand how society functions and affects individuals.
Yes, personality differences about control can influence how individuals engage in social activism. Those who prefer more control may take on leadership roles or organize campaigns, while those who prefer less control may contribute through support roles or participating in demonstrations. Understanding and respecting these differences can help social movements be more inclusive and effective.
Bismarck supported social insurance legislation in order to undermine support for the socialist movement. By introducing these social welfare programs, he aimed to improve the lives of the working class and gain their loyalty to the German state, thereby weakening the appeal of socialist ideas. Additionally, Bismarck believed that these policies would help maintain social stability and reduce the risk of a socialist revolution.
The functions of integration and social control reinforce each other by promoting cohesion and stability within a society. Integration fosters a sense of belonging and shared values among individuals, which encourages adherence to social norms. In turn, social control mechanisms, such as laws and norms, help maintain this integration by discouraging deviant behavior that could disrupt social harmony. Together, they create a balanced environment where individuals feel connected and are motivated to conform to societal expectations.