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Rural sociology as it is understood in the United States came into

being in Europe only after World War I I. On the surface, this seems

somewhat surprising. An important part of the population of Europe

is still rural. During the last few decades in most European countries the

percentage of the active population engaged in agriculture was higher

than in the United States, in several countries much higher. Sociology

as a science originated from Europe. So why no rural sociology at an

earlier date?

The re are several reasons which help to explain this phenomenon.

First of all, one has to bear in mind that rural sociology as we know it

now is not just the sociology of rural life. One could imagine a rural

sociology in many respects quite different from the present. Rural

sociology as we know it in America and elsewhere has strong roots in

practice. Even if it would not be right to call rural sociology just an

applied science, it would be equally wrong to deny its strong interest in

the problems of daily life and its striving for applicability. Rural sociology never would have developed in the way it did if it had not shown

its importance for the betterment of rural life. But before World War

I I, sociology in Europe was hardly seen by nonprofessionals as a science

which had a practical value. This conclusion was right. Sociology as

it was taught and studied in Europe before the war was, for the greater

part, highly theoretical and often even philosophical in character. Thus,

there was no place for a rural sociology with a strong orientation to applicability. Many sociologists even sought generalizations at such a high

level that differences between rural and nonrural society hardly came

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