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The demographic transition model assumes that populations will move from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as countries develop economically and socially. It also assumes that this transition will lead to changes in population size, age structure, and overall population dynamics. Additionally, the model suggests that fertility rates will stabilize at a lower level as societies modernize.
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To what extent can the demographic transition model help us to understand future population trends in MEDCs?
The Demographic Transition Model' Does the DTM still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete?The "Demographic Transition" is a model that describes population change over time. It is based on an interpretation begun in 1929 of the observed changes, or transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the past two centuries.Figure 1The term "model" means that it is an idealized, composite picture of population change in these countries. The model is a generalization that applies to these countries as a group but may not accurately describe all individual cases. Whether or not it applies, or should be applied to less developed societies today remains to be disputed.The DTM ( demographic Transition model ) (F.1) was first observed in the two centuries preceding 1950 in what are today's developed countries. Prior to the transition, these developed countries experienced high death rates matched by high birth rates, resulting in a relatively stable population size over time. But then improving living standards and public health measures caused death rates to drop, followed by a gradual drop in birth rates, which by the 1970s once again matched death rates. Between the onset-of-mortality decline and the drop in birth rates, population surged in developed countries, actually quadrupling. But the original 4 stages are over, and most developed countries are now projected to experience population shrinkage in the future (stage 5 see f.1). This historical evidence has proved so far that countries that have experienced industrial change have gone through the stages of the transition model; these countries are mainly in Europe and North America.Figure 2After observing these changes in countries like Britain and Germany Demographers predicted that today's NIC's (newly industrialised countries) would undergo a similar transition. Indeed, in the period following World War II, mortality decline accelerated in these countries. As the demographic transition model would predict, that led to a surge in population growth (See F.2) Also as expected, the death rate decline was later followed by a compensatory drop in birth rates. However instead of taking two centuries for the process to complete itself as it did in the developed countries, it will happen in less than one century.There are many weaknesses of the DTM being used as a tool for predictions in demographic change. The model assumes that in time all countries pass through the same four/ five stages. It now seems unlikely, however, that many LEDCs, especially in Africa, will ever become industrialised.The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation. Initially, the death rate in many British cities rose, due to the insanitary conditions which resulted from rapid urban growth, and it only began to fall after advances were made in medicine. The delayed fall in the death rate in many developing countries has been due mainly to their inability to afford medical facilities. In many countries, the fall in the birth rate in Stage 3 has been less rapid than the model suggests due to religious and/or political opposition to birth control, this is evident in countries like Brazil, whereas the fall was much more rapid, and came earlier, in China following the government-introduced 'one child' policy (F3).The timescale of the model, especially in several South-east Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, is being squashed as they develop at a much faster rate than did the early industrialised countries, therefore making the time scale, and consequently the utility of the DTM obsolete.Figure 3Countries that grew as a consequence of emigration from Europe (USA, Canada, and Australia) did not pass through the early stages of the model which would also add to the idea that the DTM cannot be used as a general tool for all countries.Still another factor can skew the numbers in a demographic transition or render it meaningless, which is lethal disease. In some countries today, AIDS rages out of control, with more than 40 million people afflicted globally. In 2001 alone, an additional five million people were diagnosed with AIDS. In future other factors may enter the picture such as groundwater depletion and global water shortage. In Bangladesh today, due to arsenic poisoning of the ground water in thousands of rural tube wells, millions of villagers are falling sick and dying as this silent killer reaches epidemic proportions.In conclusion, the only way demographers could use the DTM would be in population projections or as a descriptive model. Population projections represent simply the playing out into the future of a set of assumptions about future fertility, mortality, and migration rates. It cannot be stated too strongly that such projections are not predictions, though they are misinterpreted as such frequently. A projection is a "what-if" exercise based on explicit assumptions that may or may not themselves be correct. If the assumptions represent believable future trends, then the projection's outputs may be plausible and useful. If the assumptions are unbelievable, then so is the projection.As the course of demographic trends is hard to anticipate very far into the future, demographers should calculate a set of alternative projections that, taken together, are expected to define a range of plausible futures, rather than to predict or forecast any single future from the model. Because demographic trends sometimes change in unexpected ways, it is important that all demographic projections be updated on a regular basis to incorporate new trends and newly developed data, and therefore should not rely on one model.
What percentage of Canadians don't recycle?
On average, studies suggest that around 25-30% of Canadians do not recycle regularly. This can vary by region and demographic factors. Efforts are being made to increase recycling rates through education and infrastructure improvements.
What is the engineering model of stress?
The engineering model of stress is based on the concept of a material experiencing an internal force per unit area. It describes how a material deforms under applied loads and how it resists these forces. This model is used in engineering to design structures and materials that can withstand various stresses without failing.
What percentage of the UK population are Muslim?
2.7% (less than 1.65 millions of Muslims) as of Pew Forum study of October 2009. see link beliow.
When did Winchester stop making the model 69a 22 rifle?
No serial numbers were assigned to the model 69 and 69A. The 69 was introduced in 1935 and the 69A in 1937, so the 69 may well have been made in one of the first 3 years. Don Schimpff Redding, CA the 69a production was ceased in 1963
Bias happen when?
when assumptions are made
When does bias happens?
when assumptions are made
Which is one of the four simplifying assumptions made in the chapter about the construction of the production possibilities model?
The economy is fully employed and is using least-cost methods of production.
To what extent can the demographic transition model help us to understand future population trends in MEDCs?
The Demographic Transition Model' Does the DTM still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete?The "Demographic Transition" is a model that describes population change over time. It is based on an interpretation begun in 1929 of the observed changes, or transitions, in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the past two centuries.Figure 1The term "model" means that it is an idealized, composite picture of population change in these countries. The model is a generalization that applies to these countries as a group but may not accurately describe all individual cases. Whether or not it applies, or should be applied to less developed societies today remains to be disputed.The DTM ( demographic Transition model ) (F.1) was first observed in the two centuries preceding 1950 in what are today's developed countries. Prior to the transition, these developed countries experienced high death rates matched by high birth rates, resulting in a relatively stable population size over time. But then improving living standards and public health measures caused death rates to drop, followed by a gradual drop in birth rates, which by the 1970s once again matched death rates. Between the onset-of-mortality decline and the drop in birth rates, population surged in developed countries, actually quadrupling. But the original 4 stages are over, and most developed countries are now projected to experience population shrinkage in the future (stage 5 see f.1). This historical evidence has proved so far that countries that have experienced industrial change have gone through the stages of the transition model; these countries are mainly in Europe and North America.Figure 2After observing these changes in countries like Britain and Germany Demographers predicted that today's NIC's (newly industrialised countries) would undergo a similar transition. Indeed, in the period following World War II, mortality decline accelerated in these countries. As the demographic transition model would predict, that led to a surge in population growth (See F.2) Also as expected, the death rate decline was later followed by a compensatory drop in birth rates. However instead of taking two centuries for the process to complete itself as it did in the developed countries, it will happen in less than one century.There are many weaknesses of the DTM being used as a tool for predictions in demographic change. The model assumes that in time all countries pass through the same four/ five stages. It now seems unlikely, however, that many LEDCs, especially in Africa, will ever become industrialised.The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation. Initially, the death rate in many British cities rose, due to the insanitary conditions which resulted from rapid urban growth, and it only began to fall after advances were made in medicine. The delayed fall in the death rate in many developing countries has been due mainly to their inability to afford medical facilities. In many countries, the fall in the birth rate in Stage 3 has been less rapid than the model suggests due to religious and/or political opposition to birth control, this is evident in countries like Brazil, whereas the fall was much more rapid, and came earlier, in China following the government-introduced 'one child' policy (F3).The timescale of the model, especially in several South-east Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, is being squashed as they develop at a much faster rate than did the early industrialised countries, therefore making the time scale, and consequently the utility of the DTM obsolete.Figure 3Countries that grew as a consequence of emigration from Europe (USA, Canada, and Australia) did not pass through the early stages of the model which would also add to the idea that the DTM cannot be used as a general tool for all countries.Still another factor can skew the numbers in a demographic transition or render it meaningless, which is lethal disease. In some countries today, AIDS rages out of control, with more than 40 million people afflicted globally. In 2001 alone, an additional five million people were diagnosed with AIDS. In future other factors may enter the picture such as groundwater depletion and global water shortage. In Bangladesh today, due to arsenic poisoning of the ground water in thousands of rural tube wells, millions of villagers are falling sick and dying as this silent killer reaches epidemic proportions.In conclusion, the only way demographers could use the DTM would be in population projections or as a descriptive model. Population projections represent simply the playing out into the future of a set of assumptions about future fertility, mortality, and migration rates. It cannot be stated too strongly that such projections are not predictions, though they are misinterpreted as such frequently. A projection is a "what-if" exercise based on explicit assumptions that may or may not themselves be correct. If the assumptions represent believable future trends, then the projection's outputs may be plausible and useful. If the assumptions are unbelievable, then so is the projection.As the course of demographic trends is hard to anticipate very far into the future, demographers should calculate a set of alternative projections that, taken together, are expected to define a range of plausible futures, rather than to predict or forecast any single future from the model. Because demographic trends sometimes change in unexpected ways, it is important that all demographic projections be updated on a regular basis to incorporate new trends and newly developed data, and therefore should not rely on one model.
What assumptions about mainstream culture were made by the counterculture?
Many assumptions about mainstream culture are made by the counterculture. One such assumption is that mainstream culture has life easier.
What are the Navier-Stokes assumptions and how do they impact the solutions of fluid flow problems?
The Navier-Stokes assumptions are simplifications made in fluid dynamics equations to describe the behavior of fluids. These assumptions include that fluids are continuous, incompressible, and have no viscosity. These assumptions impact the solutions of fluid flow problems by providing a simplified model that may not fully capture the complexities of real-world fluid behavior. This can lead to inaccuracies in predicting fluid flow patterns and velocities.
What is the passive sentence of no one should ever make false assumptions?
False assumptions should never be made by no one
Why are assumptions made in neuropsychology?
Assumptions are made in neuropsychology to simplify complex brain processes, guide research design, and formulate hypotheses. These assumptions help researchers to make educated guesses about how the brain functions in order to investigate and understand aspects of cognition, behavior, and brain disorders.
What is the historical value of a Marlin 30 30 cal 36a lever action rifle Made in Connecticut with no additional prefixes in the serial number and how much would an original be worth 90 percent cond.?
Yes this was a original release by marlin.The model 36 was the transition model from the model 1893,to the model 336.These were made in three variations from 1936-1945.The first model 36 had a prefix of A ahead of the serial number,and were made in 1936-1937.The first variation of the model 36 was made from 1937-1940,these had no letter prefix assigned to the serial number.You have one of these 2 models by your description.
What is the source of a transition metal?
All of them are metals. Those are in the d block.
How is bias connected to assumptions?
Bias is connected to assumptions in a few ways. When one is biased towards a group or a person, assumptions are made as to the way they live, feel, think, act and re act. Assumptions can force terror into others over biases, Biases evoke fear of the unknown, which in turn makes people create assumptions that are most times very false believed.
What is the transition region in the mantle made of?
yo mumma
