Observations
the logical data independence is hard to achieve because all the manipulation is belonging in logical data independence but in physical data independence only show the physical view .
Tables organize the data into a form that can be referenced from two or more inputs.
If the process can be assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution then 99.7% of the outputs of the process will lie between those two limits. That may be of benefit in quality control if it is a production process.
Actuaries commonly use specialized software such as SAS, R, and Python for statistical analysis and modeling. Additionally, they often utilize Microsoft Excel for data manipulation and reporting, along with tools like Tableau for data visualization. Actuarial-specific programs like Prophet and MoSes are also employed for life insurance and pension calculations. Overall, the choice of software can vary based on the specific area of actuarial practice and the complexity of the analyses required.
Manual manipulation is to interfere with a naturally occurring process and change it to benefit our needs
What is a type of data manipulation that doesn't affect the contents of a database?
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The manipulation of data to reveal meaning.
Data Definition Lenguage (DDL) Data Manipulation Lenguage (DML) Data Dictionary
Normalizing data means eliminating redundant information from a table and organizing the data so that future changes to the table are easier. Denormalization means allowing redundancy in a table. The main benefit of denormalization is improved performance with simplified data retrieval and manipulation.
INSERT new data , UPDATE new data , DELETE existing data (basically modify the data).
Processing- A way in which computers manipulate data and mostly takes place in the CPU.
yes
ddl: data definition languagedml: data manipulation language
The benefit for your data entry people is to simplify data entry.
Relational systems