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Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system, often associated with the second law of thermodynamics, which states that in an isolated system, entropy tends to increase over time. It quantifies the amount of energy in a physical system that is unavailable to do work, reflecting the degree of uncertainty or unpredictability in the system's state. In information theory, entropy measures the average amount of information produced by a stochastic source of data, indicating the level of uncertainty in predicting the outcome of a process.

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