Copernicus

It did not help the universe at all but it did help us in the continuing efforts to understand the universe.

Copernicus

Some intellectuals and others accepted it as explaining things like planets going retrograde (appearing to move backwards in their orbits). The Catholic Church was not fond of it; they followed Ptolemy's teaching that the Earth was the center of all things, and explained that humanity was likewise at the center of God's thoughts. The idea of a different center to things upset their worldview. (During the Twentieth Century, the Church apologized for its earlier treatment of Copernicus, Galileo, and other discoverers.)

That the earth revolved around the sun, rather than the reverse. Copernicus was a catholic priest and at the time the church taught that the sun revolved around the earth. So to avoid controversy, he claimed that his idea was just to simplify a number of astronomical calculations. It was Galileo that established the heliocentric system and was forced to retract of be tortured.

Not really. At the time, part of the Roman Catholic church's doctrine was that Man and the Earth were God's only and greatest creation, and therefore the center of the Universe. Copernicus was the nephew of and ambassador for a Roman Catholic Bishop at the time he was formulating his theory that the Earth orbits the Sun. It seems to have been viewed with mild surprise by then Pope Paul III. Questions of heresy don't seem to have come up until Giovanni Tolosani listed his ideas, among many others, as subversive to the absolute truth of Scripture. This criticism doesn't seem to have amounted to much excitement until Galilieo's battles with the Church.

Copernicus' theory was that the earth was in the centre of the universe, not the sun. The pope was annoyed because it was a new theory which he didn't believe. Improvement by acousticlove7494: Copernicus came up with the heliocentric theory, which is the theory that the sun is the center of the universe. It is a legend that he had a massive stroke and woke up from a loss of consciousness to see his newly published book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in his hands. He died not long after that, in May of 1543, and it was a peaceful death, for he knew that his belief had been released into the world. Copernicus did not suffer much persecution, if any, while he was alive, but his name and reputation suffered a beating after his death until it was proven right by Galileo and his new invention, the telescope. The pope did not like Copernicus' far-fetched idea, and even John Calvin and Martin Luther thought it was foolish and spoke out against it strongly. Basically, the people of those days, although they loved to learn, did not feel open to new ideas. If you said that a belief was wrong that other people felt sure about, you would most likely be persecuted and heavily criticized. Feeling pressure, the Catholic Church placed Copernicus' book on the forbidden list and banned its teachings in about 1650. The ban wasn't released until 1822! This is an example of how you can be persecuted for new ideas, no matter how accurate they are, but still, it could change history!

He was revolutionary man, demolishing the geocentric theory (it was a struggle) and building the heliocentric theory. The geocentric theory states that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. The heliocentric theory says that the Sun was at the centre of the universe. Neither is correct, but the heliocentric one was closer, way closer.
He came up with theories to better society

The theory was published in a famous book entitled (in Latin): 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium', which means, 'On the revolutions of the orbs of the heavens'.

No they believed it was a bowl shape. they thought the water would fall out.

He revolutionized astronomy with his ideas about the heliocentric universe, he also published a book about the orbits of the planets and his ideas about the heliocentric universe

Galileo scientific attitude is observe how the planet revolves and also he make the different kind telescope in the world so that we now understand how the galilio galie make them the telescope and now we use them in our work.

They both belived that the Sun was in the center of the solar system.

Johannes Kepler found out that planets move in ellipses and move at variable speeds as they travel round the sun. The former theory of Copernicus was not wrong, but Kepler's theory was found to be more accurate when accurate observational methods were developed.

Later Kepler's theory was backed up by theory when Newton's law of gravitation came along. However in the 20th century Einstein's theory of relativity produced some small corrections to the Kepler/Newton theory.

It was after Galileo made two important discoveries with the telescope: first the four largest moons of Jupiter, secondly the phases of Venus.

The old system of Ptolemy modelled the Sun and planets as orbiting round the Earth, and scripture said that all objects in the sky revolve around the Earth. But Jupiter's moons showed that this principle was not universal, raising doubts in Galileo's mind about its validity.

In the Ptolemaic system Venus's orbit is inside the Sun's as they both go round the Earth. Galileo reasoned that if this was true Venus must always appear as a crescent in his telescope. But as he continued observing, he found that Venus could appear gibbous (more than half) at certain times, and as a crescent at others.

So after finding two faults with the Ptolemaic system, Galileo reasoned that the other model, that of Copernicus (1543) must be true. Both models represented the planets' movements reasonably accurately, including retrograde motion and all the rest, so there was no definitive way of deciding which of them was right, even if there were problems with one of them, because Tycho also had a model that was geocentric but explained Venus's phases correctly.

If Copernicus's model was correct, Galileo reasoned that all of it must be right, and that included that fact that the Sun was at the centre, with the Earth and other planets travelling round it. This contradicted the scriptures and, combined with Galileo's notoriously combative temperament, it led to the famous dispute with the Vatican.

Nicolaus Copernicus's scientific ideas regarding the universe and specifically the idea of heliocentrism were at odds with the generally accepted ideas of his time. It was difficult for people to accept these new ideas, made even more difficult by the Catholic Church's powerful opposition to them for some time.

Not by the scientific community, but his extensive data was used by Keppler to figure out that planets had eliptical orbits. this led to kepplers laws of planetary motion.

Basically, Copernicus used math to figure things out. To draw a figure for himself or for publication, he might use a compass or a straightedge, but what motivated his change from a geocentric to a heliocentric system---i.e., from an Earth-centered to a Sun-centered system---was a combination of aesthetics and mathematics. The reason people took him seriously is because of the latter: he provided a mathematical basis for saying that the Sun, and not Earth, lay at the center of our planetary system.

Yes. Contrary to popular belief, by the time of Copernicus scholars knew Earth to be round.

He didn't know it, he just brought out a new theory that showed that with the Sun at the centre the planets' paths could be explained more simply.

That was in 1543 and Kepler produced another heliocentric theory in 1609 which had the planets moving in elliptical orbits round the Sun.

The only thing in favour of Kepler's theory at the time was that it explained the planets' positions more accurately than previous theories. But 80-90 years later Newton's discoveries in gravity and the laws of motion were used to prove by theory that the planets must move in elliptical orbits.

It doesn't explain the parallax displacement IE if it is true, why don't the stars in the sky move December vs June? The Earth is supposed to be on the other side of the sun and the sky should change BUT at least with the technology of their days it didn't.

If the planet is rotating at 1000 miles an hour, how come there's no wind?

Why does Mars in the sky sometimes move backwards?

Lastly, there was the 30 year war going on in w/c among other things the Protestants and Catholic were fighting. No point in demoralizing/distracting the troops with esoteric gobbledy gook.

His theory was that the earth revolves around the sun, as opposed to the popular belief at the time that the sun revolves around the earth. He was right.

Yes, Copernicus was eventually proven to be correct. But at the time he said he could not prove his hypothesis and taught it as just that - an hypothesis. He never got himself in trouble with the Catholic Church. Galileo, on the other hand, picked up the theory of Copernicus and taught it as proven fact, which it wasn't. THAT is what got Galileo into trouble. He actually had many supporters in the Church, including the pope.

Several things limit which celestial objects can be seen with a telescope on Earth.

- The apparent magnitude of the object.

- The telescope you are using, tracking system and camera capability.

- Weather conditions, atmospheric and light pollution affecting airglow.

- The elevation of the object: lower in the sky means a thicker slice of atmosphere to interfere, more limitation.

- Your elevation relative to sea level: lower elevation means a thicker slice of atmosphere to interfere, more limitation.

- Red Shift - the object you are observing is moving away so fast that the color of the light reaching us has dropped into the infrared range, invisible to the human eye.

Generally, the faintest objects observable in visible light with 8m ground-based telescope is about 27.

All of the planets plus the sun revolve around the Earth

He attended the University of Bologna, the University of Padua, the University of Ferrara, and Jagiellonian University. That is all I know.