Ancient Wars

The Greek victory proved that their superior armor and tactics would persevere over a numerically superior enemy .

Nomads found settled communities an easy source of what they needed - someone else had done the work, and it was there for the taking. But when they had pillaged the land out of existence they often settled down to farm themselves, having got a taste for better accommodation, food and consumer goods. Such peoples were the Greek nomads who moved progressively into the land we now call Greece, and the Normans (Norsemen) - Vikings who pillaged the north coast of France until there was no alternative but to do some farming themselves (the Normans had settled in Normandy a mere 100 years before William the Conqueror set his sights on England.

Others simply conquered militarily and established themselves a the ruling aristocracy, leaving the indigenoous inhabitants to do the work. Such peoples included the Franks (a Germanic tribe) in Gaul (now called France after the Franks), the Bulgars (over Slav inhabitants, now called Bulgaria) and the Vikings again in Russia (Hroreka renamed Rurik was the first Prince of Kiev and forefather of the Czars).

Generally these nomads who became the ruling aristocracy were absorbed into the original settled peoples: the Viking-French Normans anglicised, the Viking-Russians and the Bulgars quickly slavicised. We still talk of France as Gallic today.

Achilles.

The wealthier landowners.

Athens had 10 generals (strategoi) - one for each of the ten tribes which contributed to the Athenian army. The senior one was the Polemarch who was the magistrate nominally in command. The generals were alloted tasks and given resources to carry them out. The story at Marathon was that they took it in turns to command on each day, and it was Miltiades' turn on day 10 when the Persians split their cavalry off and gave the opportunity to defeat their infantry.

Most of the Greek world - from Sicily to the Black Sea.

You can find them here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnesian_War

The Athenian army with its ally Plataia versus the Persian expeditionary force sent to conquer it.

Thermosticles was The Athenian Admiral, that helped beat the Persians at the battle of Salamis in 480 BCE

In round figures, over half a million.

To force a sea battle in the narrow strait adjacent. The object was to destroy the Persan flet which threatened the Grek cities, and also protected the Persian supply fleet.

yes

To withdraw the population into the city walls and to raid the enemy with their superior navy, resupplying themselves by sea. 'If they march against our country we will sail against theirs, and it will then be found that the desolation of the whole of Attica is not the same as that of even a fraction of the Peloponnesus'.

The Spartans were renown for their military discipline , courage in battle and their devotion to the military arts .

Helen of Troy (AKA Helen of Sparta) .

431 - 404 BCE .

After failing to defeat the Persian fleet at Artemesion opposite Thermopylai, the Greek fleet moved south and regrouped at Salamis near Athens for another try. They had to defeat the Persian fleet as it threatened the southern Greek cities, who kept their armies at home to protect them.

When the Persian fleet was defeated at Salamis, the Persians faced a winter in a poor country, and as they could no longer protect at sea their supply fleets coming from Asia Minor, they had to send half their army home as they couldn't feed them.

The following spring, with the maritime threat gone, the southern Greek cities sent out their armies to join up and defeat the reduced Persian army at Plataia. At the same time, the Greek fleet finished of the remainder of the Persian fleet defeated at Salamis where it was holed up at Mykale.

Defeat of the Persian fleet was the key to the whole Greek strategy, and success at Salamis implemented it.

The legend is that they took it inside their city, not knowing there were Greek warriors inside it, and that night they opened the gates to let in the Greek armies. Since then 'trojan horse' is an expression for sneaking in a disruptive element, as in computing.

Rome invaded Carthage and defeated him in battle.

Mortar

Marble

Mud (if the 'ancient' in the category is a clue.)

The state of ancient Greek politics was such that it probably could not have been avoided in a way compatible with the thinking of the time. Athens and Sparta had long been rivals, and a conflict between them was probably inevitable.

Over land and water rights.

See the web link below:

http://www.romansonline.com/img/Ev_P_img.asp?Iid=2437

A cavalry leader is the Troop Commander; a captain's position (slot).