Aristotle

One of Rome's greatest contributions to political philosophy (and political reality) was the idea of representative government featuring limited terms of office. Quite unique in their own day, and not yet fully accepted throughout the global community, such "basics" of republican-style government have had a powerful influence in the history of the West and beyond.

Aristotle has definitely influenced today's society through all his books written. One way he has influenced today's society is in biology, Aristotle used to do lots of dissections on animals like opening fertilized chicken eggs at various times to record its growth to hatching. He also discovered; migration of terrestrial animals and fishes, hibernation, behavior of social animals. He recognized "the king bee" drones and worker bees, and that the amount of honey available influences the number of drones produced, that women and men contribute to the babies genes and much more.

The Greek term for Aristotle's concept of "things from above" is "metaphysics." This branch of philosophy deals with abstract concepts like being, existence, reality, and the nature of the universe. Aristotle's work on metaphysics was foundational in shaping Western philosophical thought.

For Plato, the defining human characteristic is reason or rationality, which distinguishes humans from other animals and allows them to pursue knowledge and wisdom. Aristotle, on the other hand, believed that the defining human characteristic is the capacity for moral virtue, as humans have the ability to act in accordance with reason and cultivate virtuous habits.

According to Aristotle, the formative elements of tragedy include plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle, and song. The plot is considered the most important element, followed by character and thought. Aristotle believed that a well-structured plot with a strong beginning, middle, and end, along with well-developed characters and a balance of these elements, would create a successful tragedy.

Aristotle believed in the mean. Therefore, he recommended a CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT (politi). First, it must be ruled by the middle class. Second, it is not one type of government but rather, mixture of democracy, oligarchy (mean), and with one element of aristocracy (i.e. distributive justice).

Aristotle's legacy includes his contributions to numerous fields such as philosophy, logic, biology, politics, and ethics. He founded the Peripatetic school of philosophy and his works have profoundly influenced Western thought and intellectual history. His emphasis on careful observation and empirical data laid the foundation for scientific inquiry.

He wrote many books but only about 30 have survived. Metaphysics and Nicomachean Ethics are two of the most famous.

Aristotle lived from 384-322 B.C.

Aristotle diverged from Plato in his belief that knowledge is acquired through sensory experience and observation of the physical world, rather than through innate ideas. He also emphasized the importance of empirical evidence and logic in understanding the natural world, as opposed to the theory-driven approach of Plato. Additionally, Aristotle's view of the forms was more immanent and interconnected with the physical world, in contrast to Plato's transcendent and separate realm of forms.

Aristotle did not address the right to bear arms specifically in his works. However, he did believe in the importance of citizens being able to defend themselves and participate in the defense of the state. His emphasis was on virtue and self-defense rather than individual rights to bear arms as we understand them today.

Aristotle's greatest contribution to education was his belief in the importance of holistic development, emphasizing the cultivation of both intellectual and moral virtues. He also proposed the concept of "paideia," which focused on the role of education in developing the potential of individuals to become active and responsible citizens in society. Additionally, Aristotle's emphasis on experiential learning and the importance of cultivating critical thinking skills have had a lasting impact on educational philosophy.

Aristotle made significant contributions to various fields including philosophy, biology, physics, and ethics. His works on logic laid the foundation for Western philosophy, and his observations and classifications in biology greatly influenced the field. Additionally, his theories on physics and metaphysics shaped scientific thought for centuries.

Well, Plato was Aristotle's teacher and Socarates was Aristotle's teacher but what you are asking is who was a STUDENT of Aristotle. His most famous student was Alexander the Great.

Some of his other students were: Antipater, Aristoxenus, Dicaearchus, Demetrius of Phalerum, Eudemos of Rhodes, Harpalus, Hephaestion, Meno, Mnason of Phocis, Nicomachus, and Theophrastus.

Certain flaws in Aristotle's method were the microscope discovered organisms that would not fit into Aristotle's classification system. Also, Aristotle's method was predominantly not specific enough. Though, despite its weaknesses this first classification system was used for about 2,000 years.

Aristotle believed that love is the longing for something missing in oneself, which is fulfilled by the beloved. He distinguished between three types of love: eros (romantic love), philia (friendship love), and agape (unconditional love). Aristotle saw love as essential for human flourishing and connection with others.

Aristotle's views aligned more closely with the prevailing philosophical and scientific beliefs of his time, such as the idea of elements and substances. Additionally, Aristotle had a more comprehensive and systematic approach to his theories, which made them more appealing and influential. Democritus, on the other hand, proposed the concept of atoms, which was more abstract and less widely accepted at the time.

Aristotle, born in 384 BCE was a philosopher taught by Plato at his academy in Athens. Aristotle, despite being a disciple of Plato, often questioned and challenged Plato's ideas, for example Aristotle did not understand how humans could gain knowledge, if according to Plato, Forms place knowledge outside particular things. Aristotle criticised Plato's idea of the ideal world being the most real world, as he believed the World of opinion was the most real world.

Aristotle wrote a book called, ' Metaphysics,' in, which he investigates the question, 'What is being?' Aristotle opened the book with 'All men desire to know,' this clearly shows Aristotle's passion for knowledge and observation of the world. Aristotle was concerned with the Empirical World, and he believed we gain knowledge through experience. He argued that there are four causes, material, efficient, formal and final. The four causes in Aristotle's eyes is not the normal definition of cause, for example cause and effect. Cause in this context comes from the Greek word 'aition', which is why an object exists in the shape, or form that it does.

Material cause is what an object consists of. For example a wooden chair is made of wood. The wood, the material cause, is only what the chair is made of, it is not what makes chair what it is, or what gives the chair characteristics. The wood is what the chair is composed of. The matter that the chair is made from is wood. The characteristics of an object is the Formal cause, the shape or form it takes. For example, the wood chair, its formal cause is what gives the chair its characteristics and expression. For instance what the builder or sculptor plans in his mind whilst building the chair. The wood arranged in a certain way is the Formal cause.

The efficient cause, this is how an object happened, how and why it was built or made. For example, the builder or sculptor by which the chair was fashioned. The efficient cause is the force that affects an object. The builder of the chair built the chair instead of just leaving a pile of wood. The final cause is the purpose of an object, its reason of being. Why has the chair been made? To be sat on, either whilst people eat, learn or relax. It final cause is concerned with why the chair is as it is, in order to carry out its function the Final cause is teleological and therefore Aristotle believed every object has a final cause, this is known as its telos. Such as a houses ultimate telos is to protect and shelter a family and a carpets telos is to insulate the house or to decorate it. Telos is the Greek word for purpose, meaning or goal and that is what the final cause is, the end of something. An objects telos can either be deliberate or natural, for example a human consciously tries to be a nice, caring and reasoning in order to teach its full potential, telos. On the other hand a chair unconsciously achieves its telos of becoming a chair.

Aristotle argued that the material cause, the matter could not live without the form. For example without the wood of the chair, there could simply not be a chair. The material and formal causes are matter. They could not be alone without the other two causes, efficient and final cause because matter alone in the chair would simply be a pile of wood that took no shape. Whereas the form is what gives the chair its shape and structure. However not is not the same 'form' that Plato talked about; it is not the perfect form, it is simply how it's built and put together.

Aristotle believed in potentially that then led to actuality, and this theory was a major theme in his book, 'Metaphysics.' Aristotle believed that an object is influenced by the four causes; material, formal, efficient and final, and the object has actuality, which is achieved by potentiality. Aristotle argued that everything in the World of Sense is always changing. For example a pig in it sty exists in an actual state however its potential is to become sausages or pork. Potentially allows the pig to achieve its telos, its ultimate end. Aristotle believed the actuality of an object is always present in the potentiality. Jonathon Leceo used the famous, Kermit the frog as an example to explain actuality and potentiality. Leceo said, Kermit started as an embryo, this was the 'cause' of sex. Kermit then developed into a tadpole, who had potentiality to become a frog, and then at last Kermit become a frog. Becoming a frog was Kermit's actuality, his eudemonia.

Aristotle as everything is always changing there must be something that causes everything to change. Aristotle called this the Prime mover, he described the Prime mover as unchanging as it had reached its actuality and therefore it is good, as it does no longer need to change to improve itself. The prime mover is also the final cause fir Aristotle; it is the final goal of movement. Aristotle linked the prime mover into being God, as he has no form, only matter therefore the Prime mover is divine simplicity. The Universe depends on the Prime mover or else nothing would ever change. All objects try to attain their final cause and finally the Prime mover. Aristotle used nous and described the prime mover as the cosmic nous of the universe. Nous is a Greek word, which is translated as mind or intellect, and it is used but was also used by philosophers such as Plato and Plotinus. Nous is how Aristotle referred to reason and it has the uppermost form of rationality.

In conclusion the four causes are everything that influences an object; all four causes operate upon everything in the universe. Aristotle believed that everything in the universe had a purpose and therefore the causes explain each objects means for existence. Each object has matter and form to give it specific characteristics. The prime mover causes all this change, as he is eternal and inspiring as he had already reached his teleos, which is this aim of everybody and everything.

Some of the philosophical concerns of Aristotle included metaphysics (the study of reality), epistemology (the study of knowledge), ethics (the study of morality), and politics (the study of governing society). Aristotle also explored topics such as logic, aesthetics, and the nature of the human soul.

Aristotle believed that humans are rational beings capable of reasoning and moral action. He also emphasized the importance of living in accordance with virtue and practicing moderation in all aspects of life. Aristotle believed that people can achieve happiness by developing their intellectual and moral virtues.

No, the phrase "those who fail to study the past are doomed to repeat it" is not attributed to Aristotle. This idea is a paraphrase of a quote by philosopher George Santayana: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."

Aristotle believed that the three primary elements of persuasion were ethos (credibility of the speaker), pathos (emotional appeal to the audience), and logos (logical reasoning and evidence). He argued that a well-rounded persuasive argument should incorporate all three elements to effectively convince the audience.

Aristotle's contributions to philosophy, logic, science, and ethics had a lasting impact on Western thought. His works influenced fields ranging from biology to politics, shaping our understanding of the natural world and the human experience. Through his teachings and writings, Aristotle laid the foundation for many areas of study that continue to influence society today.

Aristotle believed that human nature is characterized by the rational capacity for virtue, reason, and moral goodness. He argued that humans are naturally social beings who thrive in communities and develop their full potential through a life of virtuous activities. Aristotle viewed the pursuit of eudaimonia, or flourishing, as the ultimate goal of human life.