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Brown v. Board of Education
Decided in 1954, Brown v. the Board of Education was a US Supreme Court case that took away a state's rights to segragate schools. It overturned an earlier case, Plessy v. Ferguson. This ruling allowed for school integration.
363 Questions
Who filed a class action lawsuit on behalf of linda brown and her family?
The NAACP filed a class action lawsuit on the behalf of Linda Brown and her family.
Who paid the court fees for brown v board of education?
In the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, the court fees were covered by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). The organization provided legal representation and financial support for the plaintiffs in their fight against school segregation. This case was part of a broader civil rights strategy employed by the NAACP to challenge racial discrimination in the United States.
Why is the opposing viewpoint wrong of sex education vs abstinence?
There is no opposing viewpoint in most cases-just a misunderstanding for religous zealots who preach abstinence. they fail to realize sex ed not only teaches biology and birth control methods but is generally in favor of abstinence just like they are, but at the same time realistic about the fact that most will not abstain and addresses that as well.
What time of the year are you talking about? In the summer it can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit (probably averages around 80-85) and in the winter it probably averages in the 20s.
Who were the lawyers that worked on the case Brown v. Board of Education?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Kansas) was initially filed in Federal District Court in February 1951. Charles Scott, a member of the Topeka NAACP legal team, argued the case before the lower courts, which upheld a Kansas law allowing school segregation in communities with a population over 15,000.
The NAACP expected this outcome, and planned to appeal the case on Constitutional grounds. The organization's legal team petitioned the US Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, a request that the High Court review the lower courts' decisions. Certiorari was granted on October 8, 1952.
At that time, Brown was combined with four other school segregation cases the NAACP was pursuing in Virginia, Delaware, South Carolina and Washington, DC. The collective cases assumed the name Brown et al., v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. (et al. is a Latin abbreviation meaning "and others".)
In 1952, future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, who was then Chief Counsel for the NAACP, assumed responsibility for the case, and was joined by co-counsel Harold P. Boulware and Spottswood W. Robinson, III. John W. Davis, one-time Democratic presidential candidate and an expert on Constitutional Law was lead opposing counsel.
The Supreme Court heard initial oral arguments delivered by Thurgood Marshall (for Brown, et al.) and John W. Davis (for the defense), on December 9, 1952. The Justices didn't render an immediate verdict. Instead, they submitted a list of five questions for which they wanted briefs and opinions from each of the lawyers arguing the case. The questions dealt with the history of the 14th Amendment and their impression of whether desegregation could be reconciled with the legislators' intent in framing that Amendment. The court also asked what remedies should be used in the event the Court declared segregation unconstitutional.
The rehearing convened on December 8, 1953, with Marshall again arguing for the Appellants and Davis arguing for the Appellees.
On May 17, 1954, the Warren Court published a unanimous opinion declaring segregation unconstitutional under the Equal Protect Clause of the 14th Amendment.
In recognition of his role in changing the course of history, Thurgood Marshall was featured on the cover of Time Magazineon September 19, 1955 (a huge honor in that era).
Case Citation:
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
NAACP Legal Counsel for Brown v. Board of Education:
Charles I. Black, Jr.
Harold Boulware
Robert L. Carter
Elwood H. Chisholm
William T. Coleman, Jr.
Charles T. Duncan
Jack Greenberg
George E. C. Hayes
Oliver W. Hill
Thurgood Marshall
Loreen Miller
William R. Ming, Jr.
Constance Baker Motley
James M. Nabrit, Jr.
David E. Pinsky
Louis L. Redding
Frank D. Reeves
Spottswood W. Robinson III
Charles S. Scott
John Scott
Jack B. Weinstein
The Topeka NAACP argued the Brown case. John Scott, Charles Scott, and Charles Bledsoe were the three attorneys, while McKinley Burnett (then President of Topeka NAACP) and Lucinda Todd (NAACP secretary and one of the plaintiffs) helped organize the case.
States' Legal Counsel for Brown v. Board of Education
John W. Davis (South Carolina)
James Lindsey Almond, Jr. (Virginia)
Paul E. Wilson (Kansas)
H. Albert Young (Delaware)
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
What did the decision in Brown v. Board of Education do to the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
The decision of Brown v. Board of Education, (1954) declared the previous ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson, (1896) unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause.
Using a Brandeis Brief, in which "social fact" is presented as evidence, it was shown that "Separate but Equal" segregation (the ruling of Plessy) was inherently unequal because of the both the tangible inferiority in such a system and the feeling of inferiority it induced it created.
Case Citation:
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
Who was the Governor of Kansas during Brown v. Board of Education?
Edward Ferdinand Arn (R) was the 32nd governor of Kansas, from 1951-1955.
