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Calvinism
Calvinism, which is also called the Reform Tradition, is one of the major and oldest branches of Protestantism and formed primarily in opposition to both the Catholic Church and the Rise of Lutheranism, composing many different Protestant sects. Calvinism primarily stems from the teachings of John Calvin. One of the distinctive teachings of Calvinism is the concept of Predestination, meaning that God has already chosen those who will go to Heaven or Hell and that there is no free will for a person to change their fate through works.
488 Questions
Where did some of the french huguenots settle in New York?
Some French Huguenots settled in New York in areas such as New Paltz, which was founded in 1678, and in other regions like Staten Island and the Hudson Valley. They established communities where they could practice their Protestant faith freely after fleeing religious persecution in France. Their influence is still evident today in local culture and historical sites.
Which countries had adopted calvinism by the 16th century?
By the 16th century, Calvinism had gained significant traction in several countries, most notably Switzerland, where it originated with John Calvin in Geneva. It also spread to parts of France, leading to the rise of the Huguenots, and became influential in the Netherlands, where it played a key role in the resistance against Spanish rule. Additionally, Calvinism found followers in Scotland, largely through the efforts of John Knox, and had an impact in England, particularly among Puritan groups.
What did john Calvin say about natural law?
John Calvin viewed natural law as a fundamental aspect of God's moral order, accessible to all people through reason and conscience. He believed that natural law reflects God's eternal law and serves as a guide for ethical behavior, helping individuals discern right from wrong. In his writings, particularly in "Institutes of the Christian Religion," Calvin emphasized that while natural law can reveal moral truths, it is ultimately incomplete without the divine revelation found in Scripture. Thus, he saw natural law as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, biblical teachings.
Where was john Calvin's reform movement centered?
John Calvin's reform movement was primarily centered in Geneva, Switzerland. He established a theocratic government there, promoting his ideas on predestination and church governance. Calvin's influence extended beyond Geneva, impacting Reformed churches across Europe and laying the groundwork for Protestantism. His writings, particularly the "Institutes of the Christian Religion," further solidified his theological legacy.
Why did huguenot leave Florida?
The Huguenots, French Protestants, left Florida primarily due to conflicts with Spanish authorities who were staunchly Catholic and hostile towards non-Catholic groups. Their settlement, established in the 1560s near present-day Jacksonville, faced military pressure and hostility from the Spanish, leading to their eventual defeat in 1565. Additionally, internal divisions and lack of resources contributed to their departure, prompting many Huguenots to seek refuge elsewhere, particularly in more tolerant regions.
Did John Calvin influence the protestant church in Europe?
Yes, John Calvin significantly influenced the Protestant church in Europe, particularly through his teachings and the establishment of Reformed theology. His ideas on predestination, the sovereignty of God, and the importance of Scripture shaped the beliefs and practices of various Protestant denominations, including Presbyterianism. Calvin's work in Geneva also served as a model for church governance and discipline, impacting Protestant communities across Europe. His legacy continues to resonate in many Christian traditions today.
Is Nancy Leigh Demoss calvinist?
Nancy Leigh Demoss, also known as Nancy DeMoss Wolgemuth, is known for her teachings and writings on biblical womanhood and revival. While she emphasizes the sovereignty of God, her theological stance does not strictly align with the traditional tenets of Calvinism. Instead, her views reflect a more Arminian perspective, particularly in her emphasis on human responsibility and the call to respond to God's grace. Therefore, she is not considered a Calvinist in the classic sense.
What are some bad things about john Calvin?
John Calvin, a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation, has faced criticism for his rigid theological doctrines and the authoritarian nature of his governance in Geneva. His role in the execution of Michael Servetus for heresy highlights a harsh intolerance for dissenting views. Additionally, Calvin's emphasis on predestination has been seen as fostering a deterministic worldview that undermines human agency. These aspects have led some to view him as a controversial and polarizing figure in Christian history.
Do calvinists allow laughing and dancing?
Calvinism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that emphasizes predestination and the sovereignty of God. There is no specific doctrine within Calvinism that prohibits laughing and dancing. However, individual Calvinist communities may have varying beliefs and practices regarding these activities based on their interpretation of biblical principles and cultural norms. Ultimately, whether Calvinists allow laughing and dancing would depend on the specific beliefs and traditions of the particular Calvinist group in question.
How do calvinism and social darwinism tie into the way the US has developed and used its resources?
Calvinism and social Darwinism have influenced the US by shaping attitudes towards work ethic, success, and individual responsibility. Calvinist beliefs in predestination and a strong work ethic influence economic practices, while social Darwinism justified inequality and exploitation in the pursuit of progress. These ideologies have both contributed to the US using its resources in a way that prioritizes individual achievement and economic growth.
Is Calvinism and Presbyterianism the same thing?
No. Calvinism refers to the set of doctrines taught by John Calvin, which can also be called Reformed. Most (almost all) Presbyterian churches are Reformed in their theology. However, there can also be non-denominational churches or Baptist churches that follow Reformed theology, i.e, that are Calvinist.
Followers of Calvinism believed in the doctrine of predestination, which states that God has predetermined who will be saved or damned. They believed that working hard, behaving themselves, and obeying the laws of their town were signs that they were one of the elect and would be saved. These actions were seen as evidence of God's favor and sought to demonstrate their faithfulness to God's commands.
In Germany did Calvinists faced opposition from Catholics?
Yes, Calvinists did face opposition from Catholics in Germany during the 16th and 17th centuries. This period saw religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, and tensions were particularly high between Calvinists and Catholics. The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 granted some religious freedom to Lutherans, but Calvinists were still persecuted and faced restrictions in Catholic areas.
What was NOT a factor in inducing the migration of English Calvinists to New England?
Political conflict and religious persecution in England were not factors in inducing migration of English Calvinists to New England.
What was the name of the church in Geneva founder by John Calvin?
The church in Geneva founded by John Calvin is called the "Reformed Church of Geneva" or the "Geneva Academy." It became a prominent center for the Protestant Reformation and exerted significant influence on Reformed theology and practice.
What happened when Philip tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands?
He appointed the Duke of Alva to take care of the job. The Duke's methods however were those of a bull in a China shop, to such an extent that even the King's Spanish (and Catholic) counselors warned the King that the Duke's actions were totally counterproductive. Arresting and beheading the moderate, Catholic and largely pro-Spanish Counts Egmont and Horne for one, alienated many moderate and Catholic Dutchmen from the Spanish cause.
Introducing new and much-resented taxes that rode roughshod over Dutch cities' rights - that had earlier been confirmed by King Philip - brought many Dutch cities over to the side of the rebels. Basically, Alva started out in a Dutch province that was quiet, largely loyal to King Philip and overwhelmingly Catholic. Five years later at the time of his dismissal, large parts of Holland and today's Belgium - including most of the larger cities - had become rebel country under the rule of an ever-growing Calvinist minority.
King Philip, who had at first strongly supported the Duke of Alva, finally was forced to conclude that the Duke's methods were indeed just fanning the flames of rebellion and replaced him with a much more moderate Governor, Don Luis de Requesens. Requesens tried the carrot-and-stick method and abolished the hated new taxes, but only managed to get some grip on the firmly Catholic southern provinces (today's Belgium) that looked askance at the Calvinists' quickly rising prominence anyway.
Later Spanish Governors - especially the long-serving Duke of Parma - tried military means to subdue the rebel provinces, mostly in the form of besieging the major cities. This ultimately proved ineffective and cities that had been taken were later mostly re-taken by the Dutch. The military operations meanwhile did nothing to endear the Spanish to the Dutch, and the Calvinists, originally a small minority, used the state of war to take hold of the rebellion's leadership. This, and the success of the rebellion, quickly led to a 'join the leader / join the winner'-mentality that brought about a lot of conversions to Calvinism.
By 1609 and after some 30 years of fighting, the Dutch Republic had become de facto independent as a Calvinist nation. Dutch Catholics were 'tolerated' as long as they kept their religious practices within the confines of their homes. All existing churches had been converted to Protestant churches. In the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648, Spain formally recognized Dutch independence as a Protestant, sovereign State
What countries did calvinism have considerable influence in Europe?
France, Netherlands, Switzerland, Scotland, and England
Describe how the Edict of Nantes appeased both Catholics and Huguenots?
For the Catholics it reaffirmed the Catholic Church as the established Church of France and mandated the tithe even for the Huguenots. These Calvinists were still required to observe all Catholic holidays but were free to practice their faith in a limited number of French cities. The Edict protected protestants from the Inquisition and charges of heresy and ended the restrictions on employment. It was an imperfect document but it ended the Wars of Religion.
