Charles Darwin

Lamarck led the way for and had ideas that helped Darwin. However, his observations regarding the mechanisms of evolution were, with the exception of one, totally backwards.

To summarize Lamarck, he hypothesized that organisms somehow had a choice in their traits and could change to fit the environment (he called these ideas his theories of need and his theory of use and disuse). The part he was correct on was that should an organism change, they would pass the traits on to their offspring.

Darwin said, basically, the opposite. Darwin observed that organisms were born with slight differences (variations) and those variations might give some members of a species an advantage in the struggle to survive in the environment. The reward for survival was that the organism got to reproduce and pass those traits on to their offspring. Of course, the offspring might show some variation and the whole process would continue to repeat.

However, the bottom line with Darwin (and contrary to Lamarck) was that an organism had no choice in its traits as an organism is born with or without the advantage. Darwin, without knowing its mechanisms, recognized that genetics played a part in evolution.

Darwin died not knowing of Mendel's work on genetics which, of course, substantiates Darwin's theory.

According to Darwin's Theory of Evolution, living things evolved over the past billions of years, through mutations and generations.

If some life form split into 2 species 5 million years ago, you get the difference between one kind of money and another kind of money.

If you go back about 50 million years, you get the difference (today) between chickens and ostriches.

If you go back about 2 billion years, you get a much bigger difference in life forms (not just inter-species, but a different form of life altogether, due to the time since the split-off). In that case, you get the difference of plants and animals, and this is just what happened.

About 2 billion years ago, or so, cells had just evolved. Some of them developed the ability to interact with electromagnetic, forming the nervous system in animals today. Those cells that couldn't interact with electromagnetic didn't die off though. They kept up and combated natural selection in a different way. They clung onto the sea floor and turned into plants.

That species arose by mean of natural selection. The independently come up with a theory of evolution by natural selection in 1858.

While sailing around the coast of South America he collected many different types of plants and animals on the mainland and on the islands.

Sources:

Mrs. Hawley Freshmen Pre-Ap Biology class.

The Galapagos Islands were to my knowledge the only islands studied extensively by Charles Darwin.

Darwin knew that the birds are the same. since they lived in separate islands, the finches adapted to their environment and had a mutation. all of the birds have a common ancestry. each finch has a separate beak because they needed to get food in a way. if the beak is thin and small, they can take their food from cracks or small areas. each bird had adapted to their environment with their beaks. that's what Darwin noticed. each animal adapts or adjust to their environment around them.

see it, remember it, and know it. important concept of evolution

yes

Charles Darwin reached the Galapagos islands in 1835. He observed many finches, tortoises and many other animals. He observed that the animals in the Galapagos were different than the animals in other places like south America.

This may be because the climate is different in the Galapagos than in other places so the animals may have involved to suit the temperatures in the Galapagos.

Charles Darwin explained Evolution and figured out how it worked.

Natural selection.

The species of finches Darwin found were so varied because they had migrated over time to islands of different vegetation, and they adapted to better suit their new environment.

Over time, the finches became so different from each other that they turned into new species.

Why do different regions have different organisms

Yes, it is true.

Darwin was born in 1809, and started his work in the 1830's. He died in 1874, so he was around during the 1800's.

The distance between the islands meant that the Fincehes on different Islands could not interbreed wich led to some extinction

accident

When studying and proving the theory of evolution, Darwin notice that variations existed within species. Species includes organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring. Variation is a difference. Darwin noticed that there were more than one organism inside a species.

Darwin did an investigation on finches to observe natural selection aka "survival of the fittest" and he examined how the different sized and shaped beaks effected their survival of retriveing food and worms during periods of drought and during normal periods of weather. The amount of food retreived could also predict the amount of offspring of that certain species of finch. Hope it helps! i did a lab experiment on this.

No, Darwin did not.

Furthermore evolution is not a 'belief' it is a theory back up by scientific facts and observations, it is perhaps the most tested scientific theory we have and can therefore be regarded as a natural law. It explains how life on Earth has developed over time.

Technically this is correct, however the theory has fundamental flaws in it. Like why do people evolve and let's say, horseshoe crabs do not. Once the question is asked it opens up a whole slew of other questions and hypothesis, none of which are proven.

It boils down to a very simple idea in order for evolution to work "Name the biological process that creates knowledge". In order for life to have started on this planet the way many scientists believe it did, the amino acids and chemical soup would have had to have the "knowledge" to create life.

Our DNA is a blueprint for life. All living things have it. A blueprint contains knowledge. Where did the knowledge come from for the very first cell to be created? That's why evolution is a theory and not a natural law the way some people like to present it. It is definitely not Natural Law!

Polygenic?

Natural selection usually acts on the phenotype of polygenic traits as they are suites of genes acting in concert to form a trait. If you had a trait, such as height, in two variant brothers then the aggregate would need to be selected for as the genes working in concert, but not equally well, would render different heights in the brothers which would be then visible to natural selection.

It can only explain certain situations. And it's just one of the aspects of natural selection.

No, he dropped out of medical school as the breaking point came when he had to witness an operation of the day preformed without anesthetic.

Everyone at the time of Darwin's discovery believed that people were created by God instead of evolution. We were supposedly perfect, but to believe that we had evolved made us look imperfect due to the evolution of the body, and other such features.

This is true. Charles Darwin observed many diversities of animals. For example the Galapagos Iguana and the South American Iguana.