Chromatography

Paper chromatography is an important separation technique that depends upon differences in how strongly the dyes are adsorbed onto the paper (stationary phase) and how soluble the dyes are in the developing solvent (mobile phase). In paper chromatography, a small amount of the mixture to be separated is placed close to the edge of a piece of paper. The edge of the paper is then immersed in a developing solution. As the developing solution ascends up the paper by capillary action, the. components of the sample are carried along at different rates. To prevent evaporation of the developing solution, this process is carried out in a closed container. Each component of the mixture will move a definite distance on the paper in proportion to the distance that the solvent moves. This ratio, Hf = distance component moves/distance solution moves, can be calculated for each component to aid In identification. Hf values are dependent upon the paper, the developing solution, and the amount of sample used. Candies, such as Mix's or Skittles, contain FD&C dyes, sugar, and other organic and Inorganic substances In their coatings. If the coating is dissolved in an acidic solution, the FD&C dyes can be adsorbed from the solution by wool. The dyes can be released from the wool in an alkaline environment. Thus the dyes can be separated from other substances in the coatings. This simplified equation represents the equilibrium involved: Wool + Dye + H+ <====> Dyed Wool+ A solution of ammonia can be used to supply sufficient OH- to reduce the concentration of the H+ and shift the equilibrium to the left releasing the dyes.

advantage: not very good bad to enviroment farting will help break down poo

No, because the distance a compound moved in relation to the solvent front is relative. The higher up the solvent front the greater the distance travelled by the compound. Remembering that Rf is always <1.

Predicting whether or not there is a particular substance in your given compound, such as detecting drugs in the urine.

Depending on the ink and the solvent used for the chromatography, the ink might also migrate and be separated into its components or smear over the paper. With the graphite of a pencil, this will not happen.

you put the blob off a blob off the substance you want to test on to a piece of chromotography paper about 10mm from the bottom then fill a flask about 20mm and let the bottom of the paper sit in the water if the substance is pure then there will only be one colour goes up the paper.

On the basis of their solubility in particular substances.

They indicate the reaction with the solvent that the paper is dipped into.

In your experiment you should have had a few different spots on a base line. One spot should be what your unknown group. And other spots should be what you are trying to match it up with. You should then obtain a suitable solvent and dip the paper with the spots into the solvent. The spots on the base line will rise. You then should comapre your unknown group to your other groups and whichever group traveled the same distance as your unknown group you can match this group to your unknown and your unknown is equal to this group.

Sorry If that is confusing. It was confusing for me when I first did it.

See the related link for a good explanation.

idunno

This method is commonly used to separate mixture of gasses.

Eg:

Substrate solutes

Molecular sieves SA &13* Gasses:H2, N2, O2, Ar, N2, CH4,CO;re

retains polar gasses CO2,

Size and shape.

However, chemical properties are usually more important.

Chemists use liquid chromatography a complex of substances. They can use chromatography to analyze drugs and also test blood and urine samples. People use it to separate and purify different substances and chromatography can detect the presence of drugs in a person's blood.

it is chromatography

Chromatography is used in blood to determine whether it is contaminated with alcohol and things like that. It can be also used to find out if cocaine etc. is in your urine and lead in water. This uses a colour chart to see what chemicals have been used and added up make a compound, then you can find out that it is alcohol, lead etc.

As far as I'm aware, the solids have to be soluble in the mobile phase. When columning to purify in a synthetic lab anyway, you can see that partial solubility is ok to be able to get something off of a colum

There are many applications - from the characterisation of oils and fats (cis-trans and saturated/unsaturated etc..) to the analysis of traces of pesticides

and herbicides in fruit and vegetables. Nowadays the connection of a GC to a

mass spectrometer is relatively inexpensive and gives more specificity. Liquid chromatography extends the range of analytes such as many toxins (aflatoxins etc) which are unsuitable for GC and for example flavanoids in foods

bed volume= pie*r square*h

where, pie=3.14

r=radius of column

h=height of column

it is the total volume of column packed with the gel.

Chromatography is the use of specially formulated paper to test the pH of a solution. Jobs using chromatography include chemists, researchers, students, pharmaceutical technicians, aquarists, and pool maintenance personnel.

A solute will dissolve in a solvent when the attractive intermolecular forces between the molecules of the solvent and the molecules of the solute are greater than the attractive forces between one solute molecule and another. Thus the solute is effectively 'pulled apart' (on a molecular level at least) by the solvent and it's molecules become 'suspended' between the molecules of the solvent at which point the solute is said to be in solution or dissolved.

A hypothesis for paper chromatography depends on what you are making the hypothesis on. A hypothesis for the speed of chromatography could be that you think the speed of the process can be changed depending on the type of paper, or whatever the stationary phase is, and the type of solvent being used.

Because the ink from the pen will run and smear during the chromatography but the pencil mark is not affected.

You HWOI

During the development of a chromatogram, it is better to cover it with a beaker to prevent evaporation, which will affect the movement of the solute and solvent system. This will ensure that the chromatogram will develop properly.

the apparatus are:petri dish , solvent such 3 parts of water and 1 part of methanol,thin paper ,samples either liquids samples or magic samples

by: 6a7awi