Chromosomes

The two chromosomes in each matching pair in a karyotype are homologous chromosomes. These homologous chromosomes carry genes for the same traits at the same loci. One chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.

A circular chromosome is, essentially, exactly what it sounds like: a chromosome (strand of DNA that carries the genetic information of an organism) that is circular. Circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes such as bacteria, as well as in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, typically have chromosomes that are linear, meaning they have two ends that do not connect.

ADHD is a complex disorder with likely involvement of multiple genes; it is not specifically found on a single chromosome. Research suggests that certain genes located on various chromosomes, such as 5, 11, and 17, may contribute to an increased risk of developing ADHD.

A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes. A sperm has 23, and an egg has 23. When put together it completes the 46 needed to start making you :) x

A person with an X and Y chromosome typically identifies as male. The presence of the Y chromosome determines male sex development, leading to the development of male characteristics during puberty.

A chromosome inversion is a type of structural change in a chromosome where a segment of DNA is reversed in orientation. This can lead to disruptions in gene expression and potential issues during cell division. Inversions can be balanced or unbalanced, depending on whether there is a loss or gain of genetic material.

The centromeres split. The two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome. The new chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. The cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart.

Homologous chromosomes. They are two chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

Adequate protein intake is important for individuals with cystic fibrosis to support growth, development, and maintenance of muscle mass. Protein also plays a role in fighting infection and supporting the immune system, both of which are particularly important in managing the symptoms of cystic fibrosis. However, excessive protein intake is not recommended, as it can put additional strain on the kidneys.

we have 46 chromosomes in Mitosis during interphase when the DNA doubles, but really Humans have 23 chromosomes. Meiosis is reproduction and goes through Mitosis twice but skips interphase the second time and creates gametes(sex cells)

-Marina20

Bacteria typically have a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell. This chromosome contains the genetic material necessary for the bacterium to survive and reproduce. It is distinct from the linear chromosomes found in eukaryotic organisms.

No, cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, not by the presence of extra chromosomes. Individuals with cystic fibrosis inherit two faulty copies of the CFTR gene, one from each parent, which leads to the production of a defective CFTR protein that affects the movement of salt and water in and out of cells.

The zygote's number of chromosomes is double that of the two sex cells

An organism with one set of chromosomes is called haploid. Haploid organisms have half the usual number of chromosomes, meaning they have only one set of chromosomes instead of the usual two sets (diploid). Examples of haploid organisms include certain fungi, algae, and gametes (sperm and egg cells) in animals.

Genes are found on chromosomes and contain the instructions for producing specific proteins that determine the characteristics of an organism, such as its physical traits and biological functions. Genes are inherited from parents and play a key role in traits like eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

The chromosome of a bacterium does essentially the same thing that chromosomes do for all life forms. It describes the formation of proteins for the organism, allowing it to produce and grow the proper structures at the proper time, allowing it to survive most efficiently.

specific pairing partner during the process of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes align and exchange genetic material. This ensures genetic diversity in offspring.

The X chromosome is linked to the overwhelming majority of sex linked traits, except for one - gender.

Short Answer:

There are just over a thousand genes on the X chromosome and about 26 on the Y. Of the 26 on the Y, 9 relate to sperm and one (SRY) relates to male anatomy, the others involved in general tasks.

The fact that there are a hundred times more genes on the X chromosome means that traits related to the X, and variations in those traits, are far far more common.

Sex-linked traits are those that can only be passed along from the father and not the mother or from the mother and not the father.

Obviously, males do carry and pass on sex-linked traits, just not very many.

Gender can only be passed along from the father, along with genes related to sperm.

Females pass on to the male offspring a larger number of traits, (such as some color blindness and male pattern baldness) which have no counterpart in the Y chromosome.

More:

Males have an X and a Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes.

Because the Y chromosome is smaller than the X with far fewer genes, there are genes carried only on the X and only gotten from the mother. That does not mean that all males have Y chromosomes that are the same.

Overwhelmingly though, the absence of the set of genes on the Y chromosome results in the corresponding genes on the X chromosome being expressed, in particular all of the X-linked disorders of a gene of an X chromosome in a male do not have a second X gene that can be expressed to compensate. Thus, there are a set of sex-linked traits that can only come from the mother.

(Color blindness and male pattern baldness are the two most discussed examples.)

A male offspring (son) has the same Y chromosome as the father and hence any traits influenced by that chromosome.

A female offspring (daughter) has the same X chromosome as the father and hence any traits influenced by that chromosome. A recessive gene on the X from the father will not usually be expressed in a daughter, but a dominant gene on the X from the father will be expressed in the daughter.

For a female to inherit a trait associated with an X-chromosome recessive gene, there must be two copies, one from each parent.

Aside:

The issue of gender-connected inherited traits has much more complexity than this simple discussion can address. For example, not all of the so-called male characteristics are carried on the male (Y) chromosome. The expression of genes on other chromosomes, from both the mother and father, is influenced by genes on the Y chromosome or simply by the absence of two X chromosomes. The reader should investigate further.

Caveat: This discussion applies to humans and other mammals with the XX/XY sex determination system. See related links.

Fun Fact: A woman discovered that the Y chromosome was male. While studying worms, in 1905, Nettie Stevens at Bryn Mawr College identified the Y chromosome as the determining factor in gender.

Replication chemicals trigger during cell replication trigger DNA to wrap tightly around histone octamers (histone proteins) to create nucleosomes, for DNA synthesis. This happens during the prophase stage of cell replication.

Guevodoces have the usual XY male chromosomes. The apparent lack of male genitalia at birth is due to a hormonal deficiency that causes a reduced response to testosterone during fetal sexual development. As a result, the baby boy has small and ambiguous genitalia until sex hormones surge at puberty, causing the external genitalia to develop.

A porcupine typically has 34 chromosomes in each cell.

Both parents will give a girl an X chromosome. The father will give a Y and the mother will give an X to a boy.

During interphase, chromosomes are in a relaxed and extended state called chromatin. This allows for gene expression and DNA replication to occur. Chromosomes are not distinguishable structures during interphase, as they are not condensed and visible as separate entities.

Mendel's conclusions, based on his pea plant experiments, included the principles of segregation and independent assortment. These principles describe how genes are passed down from parent to offspring. The chromosomal theory of inheritance later connected Mendel's principles to the physical basis of heredity by identifying chromosomes as the carriers of genetic information, thus explaining how genes are inherited and expressed through the process of meiosis and fertilization.

They are not obsolete. Y chromosomes are what make males. When a child is conceived, they get two chromosomes: one from their mother, and one from their father. Since all women have two X chromosomes, the child gets an X from their mother. The father can give the child either an X or Y chromosome depending on the sperm that fertilizes the egg, since men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.