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Chromosomes
Chromosomes contain the genetic material DNA
1,309 Questions
They ARE specific coding sequences of 2'-Deoxy-Ribonucleic-Acid. Sweet Searching!
Basically is genetic info.
Different organisms have different types of chromosomes.
In bacteria (prokaryotic cells) a chromosome consists of a loop of DNA; it has no end. Along the length of the DNA are segments called genes, which contain information that the cell uses for growth and development. Most bacteria have only one chromosome, but some have more (the cholera organism Vibrio cholerae has two).
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are linear (they have two ends). The DNA is associated with proteins called histones. There is always more than one chromosome in a eukaryotic cell. After cell division and before DNA replication, there is only one molecule of DNA in each chromosome. After DNA replication, there are two DNA molecules in each chromosome; these are separated at the next cell division. In higher organisms, including humans, genes make up only part of the DNA. * * *
A chromosome is a single large macromolecule of DNA, and constitutes a physically organized form of DNA in a cell. It is a very long, continuous piece of DNA. * * * A chromosome refers to the colored thread observed localized within the nucleus. It is the genetic information carrier, and it may be extended (in interphase) or highly condensed (during mitosis or meiosis). The number of chromosomes is species-specific and if any alteration occurs it leads to disease condition or move forward towards evolution. In humans the total number of chromosomes is 46 or 23 pairs; mouse has 44 or 22 pairs; Onion - 16 or 8 pairs; Drosophila - 8 or 4 pairs. A chromosome after DNA replication has a pair of threads called chromatids held together by a primary constriction called a centromere. Chromatids consists of supersolenoid and scaffold structure followed by solenoid structure. Solenoid structure is formed by compaction of polynucleotides bound by histones and non-histone proteins. It leads to a fundamental structure called a nucleosome which consists of a nucleic acid part and a protein part. The protein part consists of positively-charged histones rich in lysine, arginine, and glycine. Histones consists of core subunit made of octamer made of 2 copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Linker histone H1 connects 2 nucleosomes. Chromosomes are classified based on various criteria: 1) The chromosomes which are common to both males and females are referred to as autosomes or body chromosomes and the chromosomes which determine the sex of an organism are called sex chromosome or allosomes (look dissimilar). In humans we have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). 2) Classified based on the position of centromere or primary constriction. The either sides of the centromere is referred to as arms (p- petite or short arm; q - quadran or long arm). When p=q (V shaped) - metacentric chromosome; When p<=q (L shaped) - submetacentric chromosome;When p<<< 3) Chromosomes are classified based on the banding pattern. Human chromosomes are classified into 7 groups A - G. A - 1-3; B - 4,5; C - 6-12, X; D - 13-15; E - 16 - 18; F - 19, 20; G - 21, 22, Y. Humans do not have any telocentric chromosomes. He has 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes (13 - 15, 21,22).
Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA coiled tightly around proteins called histones. In eukaryotic cells chromosomes are located in the cell nucleus. Chromosomes control the cell's activities and heredity.
What is the building block of a chromosome?
The building blocks of a chromosome are DNA molecules. DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones to form chromatin, which then condenses to form the structure of a chromosome. Each chromosome contains a single long DNA molecule with many genes.
What is the 17Th human chromosome?
The 17th human chromosome is known as chromosome 17. It is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans and contains around 1,200 genes. Chromosome 17 is associated with various genetic disorders and traits, including Smith-Magenis syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
Where do you get chromosomes from?
Chromosomes are found within the nucleus of cells. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA and are passed down from parent to offspring during reproduction. Each species has a specific number and arrangement of chromosomes that carries the genetic information necessary for development and functioning.
What is the 22 chromosome called?
The 22nd chromosome is called the autosomal chromosome, as it is one of the non-sex chromosomes found in humans. Each cell typically contains two copies of chromosome 22, one inherited from each parent. It contains around 500 to 800 genes involved in various biological functions.
Is there an X or Y chromosome in an egg?
An egg will have the X chromosome and the sperm will have an X or Y chromosome.
How many chromosome has copies?
Organisms can have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. This is known as diploid. Other organisms, like plants, can have more than two copies of each chromosome (polyploidy). Having multiple copies of chromosomes can affect gene expression and traits in organisms.
What is an antonym for chromosome?
The antonym for chromosome is "gene," as chromosomes are made up of genes that contain the genetic instructions for an organism.
How many chromosomes does a honey bee have?
Yo peeps a hummingbird has 1 bone in its body! It is true! I can't believe it either!
What are chromosomes stabilized by?
Chromosomes are stabilized by proteins known as histones, which help in organizing and condensing DNA into a more compact structure. Additionally, specialized regions called telomeres located at the ends of chromosomes also play a role in stabilizing them by preventing degradation and ensuring accurate replication during cell division.
What is the description of the chromosome?
A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. It carries genetic information in the form of genes that determine an organism's traits. Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent.
How is the chromosome affected by diabetes?
Women who have diabetes and poor control of their blood sugar have a higher risk of giving birth to babies with chromosomal defects.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 60, March 2005 (reaffirmed 2007).
Women with diabetes also have a higher risk of colon and colorectal cancer.
What is the chromosome number for an embryo?
The chromosome number for an embryo is typically 46, with 23 pairs of chromosomes inherited from each parent. This total number of chromosomes is necessary for proper growth and development of the embryo.
The human species chromosome number is?
Theophilus Painter, one of the preeminent cytologists of the early twentieth century, estimated in 1923 that the number was 48. In 1956, improved techniques enabled researchers Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan to publish a paper stating that the number was 46. Within a year, Ford and Hamerton provided confirmatory data, reporting the diploid chromosome number in human testicular cells to be 46. See http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Human-Chromosome-Number-294 for interesting article.
Chromosome is to cactus as gene is to?
Cell. Chromosomes are found within a cactus, similarly, genes are found within a cell.
What is present in chromosomes?
Chromosomes hold the information of your genetics. They also hold DNA -- Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is like instructions for your cells.
What if you have 47 chromosomes?
Having 47 chromosomes is an abnormality known as aneuploidy. It can result from errors during cell division or genetic conditions like Down syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome. Aneuploidy can lead to developmental issues and health complications.
What is a micrograph of chromosomes?
A micrograph of chromosomes is an image taken with a microscope that shows the structure and arrangement of chromosomes within a cell. It allows scientists to visualize the number, size, shape, and banding patterns of chromosomes, which can be used for genetic analysis and identification of chromosomal abnormalities.
What are the end of the chromosome called?
The ends of chromosomes are called telomeres. Telomeres help protect the ends of the chromosome from deteriorating or fusing with other chromosomes during cell division. They also play a role in determining the lifespan of a cell.
The sex of most animal is determined by special chromosomes called what?
Special chromosomes called sex chromosomes determine the sex of most animals. These chromosomes are designated as X and Y in humans, with females having two X chromosomes (XX) and males having one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Each chromosome consists of 2 what?
Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are identical copies of the chromosome connected at a region called the centromere. During cell division, the sister chromatids separate and each is passed on to a daughter cell.
Lopment and is onh chromosome is it most likely found only found in male whiccrols testicular deve?
The gene responsible for testicular development, SRY (Sex-determining Region Y), is located on the Y chromosome and is typically only found in males. This gene plays a crucial role in initiating the formation of testes during embryonic development. In cases where individuals do not have the SRY gene, female development occurs.
Chromosome therapy is a theoretical approach that involves altering chromosomes, which contain an individual's genetic information, to treat genetic disorders or diseases. This field is still largely experimental and faces many ethical and technical challenges. It is exploring the potential to correct genetic abnormalities at the chromosomal level.
