Circuits

The current in the light bulb will be greater when connected to the 200-v source compared to the 110-v circuit, assuming the resistance of the light bulb remains constant. This is because current is directly proportional to voltage in an electrical circuit according to Ohm's Law (I = V/R), so a higher voltage will result in a greater current flow through the bulb.

So far we've only seen circuits that allow a single path for electricity to flow-but it doesn't HAVE to! Here's a picture of what we call a parallel circuit. See how there's one power source and two electrical devices?Conductor wires connect the battery to each bulb independently.

Since the electricity can either go into the first bulb and light it up, or on to the next bulb and light that one . . . it does both! Some electricity flows to each bulb, distributing the power equally to both. So parallel circuits have more than one path for electricity to follow!

The total voltage across both voltage sources connected together in the first circuit is 24V. This is because the two voltage sources are connected in series, so their voltages add up to give the total voltage across both sources.

Current = voltage/resistance

If those are the only components in the circuit, then

Current = 9/12 = 0.75 Ampere = 750 mA

No, resistors are measured in ohms, not amps. Ohms represent the resistance offered by the resistor to the flow of current, whereas amps (amperes) represent the measure of current flowing through a circuit.

because there is a correlation between resistance and voltage and current.

The equation resistance = voltage divided by current shows that the higher the voltage, the bigger the resistance,, and the bigger the resistance the hotter the filament lamp will get because of the electrons bumping into each other which means there is a loss of energy and that energy is being transferred to the filament making the actual filament bulb hot since there is more thermal energy wasted at the end.

Connecting an ammeter in series with a resistor in a circuit will not affect the current through the resistor. The ammeter measures the current passing through it, so it becomes part of the circuit and simply measures the current flowing through the resistor without changing it.

Capacitors can go bad due to factors such as overheating, voltage surges, age, or excessive use. Over time, the dielectric material inside the capacitor may degrade, causing it to lose its ability to store and release electrical energy effectively.

A "thermal runaway" occurs when a transistor is heated to such a point, that the more heat it has, the quicker it will accumulate it. This usually involves leakage current which typically increases with temperature, and which causes more current to flow - which increases the heat buildup in the transistor more, and the cycle continues. This heat buildup rapidly accelerates, and it invariably and quickly (in a matter of seconds or quicker) burns out the transistor as it reaches temperatures it was not meant to safely handle.

The plates in a capacitor can be made from various conductive materials such as aluminum, ceramic, or tantalum. These materials are chosen based on factors such as cost, performance requirements, and environmental considerations.

The relationship between stimulus voltage and response amplitude on a single nerve fiber follows the all-or-nothing principle. Below a certain threshold voltage, there will be no response. Once the threshold is reached, there will be a maximal response amplitude without variation with higher stimulus voltage.

Current lags voltage in an inductive circuit. The angle by which it lags depends on

the frequency of the AC, and on the relative size of the inductance compared to the

resistance in the circuit.

In the flashing and quenching experiment, the neon bulb twinkles because the voltage across the capacitor drops below the breakdown voltage of the neon bulb. This causes the bulb to briefly turn off before the capacitor charges again and the process repeats, resulting in the twinkling effect.

The question seems to imply that ever since Creation there has always been

a grand cosmic role for the laser diode, and that once our species attained

the ability to invent it, it was then Mankind's holy mission to sally forth and

find its function.

I think it was more like: Once the purification and doping of solid-state materials

had progressed to the point where a diode could be fabricated out of a couple of

pancakes of them, AND someone over in a different lab had succeeded in getting

a laser out of a roomful of flashtubes and a piece of ruby the size of a pencil,

somebody else ... in a job where he didn't have to worry about purpose, profit,

or function but he could get paid to just come in every day and play around with

stuff, maybe at the old Bell Labs ... read about both of those, and figured out

a way to combine them, doping and joining a couple of pure stones in just

the right way that when he connected it to a battery, it would have diode

characteristics AND would lase! And then, he showed it to his boss, wrote and

published report about how he did it, built a few to demonstrate at cocktail

parties and Physics conferences, and went on to play with something else,

while we ... me and the other bottom feeders called engineers ... thought up

neat things to do with the laser diode.

We built the cool laser pointers, that you could hang on your key-chain, put

a red spot on the screen during your high school presentations, do optical

experiments with, and give your cat some great exercise chasing the red spot

on the floor. We built laser diodes and detectors to create and detect microscopic

pits on a high-polished plastic surface, small enough fit into a machine that could

fit in your backpack, run on a couple of skinny batteries, and hold a plastic disk

with an hour of music 'burned' on it. We put laser diodes and detectors into your

computer mouse, that can detect textures so tiny that you can use a sheet of

white paper for a mouse-pad, and we got rid of the clunky potentiometers and

wheels inside the mouse, that used to pick up hair and gunk and get jammed

every couple of months.

But probably the most important bright idea we had that takes advantage of the

laser diode was the method we designed to efficiently couple the light from the

diode into one end of a glass fiber ... the width of a hair and miles long ... and

detect it at the other end. From there, it was a piece o' cake to 'modulate' the

output of the diode, detect the variations at the other end, and kick off the

whole modern fiber phenomenon, that now carries trillions of bits of data

over a single fiber every second. This, at last, solved the cosmic background

requirement that lay unfulfilled since Creation, when finally, subscribers are able

to satisfy their crying need and fundamental human right to stream a different

movie into each room in the house while recording three more to watch later in

case they ever feel like it. Or to have the choice of 300 channels when they plop

down at the TV, even though there's STILL nothing on.

Yes. The static electric field inside a charged conductor is zero, no matter

what the voltage is between the conductor and the rest of the world.

Continuity in a circuit refers to the unbroken path for the flow of electric current. It ensures that there are no breaks or open circuits that could interrupt the flow of electricity. By testing for continuity, you can verify that all the components in the circuit are properly connected.

"Series circuit" means one single conducting path between the terminals of the power

source.

The current through the conductor is the physical motion of electrons. Some

number of electrons enters the conductor at one end, some number of electrons

leaves the conductor at the other end, some number of electrons pass some point

along the conductor between the ends, etc.

The only way these numbers could be different would be for someone to punch a little

hole somewhere in the conductor, and either pump more electrons into the hole,

or else let some electrons leak out of the hole as they pass that point. If that's not

happening, and electrons are not being spontaneously created or destroyed in the

conducting material, then the number must be the same everywhere in it.

At a neighborhood park on a Summer day, you'll often see a long plastic tube

stretched out on the ground, with children crawling into one end and out the

other end. If there is no labor and delivery ward inside the tube, and no hidden

hole down into a coal-mine below, then the number of children that enter the

tube must be the same as the number that come out of the other end, and the

same number that pass any point along the length of the tube.

The three circuits of a magneto are the primary circuit, secondary circuit, and charging circuit. The primary circuit controls the generation of an electrical current, the secondary circuit amplifies the voltage output, and the charging circuit ensures the magneto stays charged for optimal performance.

Water is a conductor of electricity, so using water during a short circuit can increase the risk of electric shock or fire. It is important to never use water to try to extinguish an electrical fire or to cool down electrical equipment during a short circuit. Instead, turn off the power source and use a fire extinguisher designed for electrical fires.

The 'conventional current' flows out of the positive side of the charged

capacitor, and into the negative side.

However, even though we never talk about it, we know that the things that

actually carry the physical current around are the negatively charged electrons,

and we know that when a capacitor is discharging, the electrons are flowing out

of the negative side and into the positive side.