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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

Please show you the circuit diagram NTSC to PAL converter?

Comparing the NTSC video standard to the PAL standard, one finds that all of

the reference video levels are different, the color frequencies and phases are

different, and the vertical and horizontal scanning frequencies are different.

Converting one to the other is not a simple little box, but quite a complex piece

of equipment. Because of its complexity, and also because this site hasn't the

ability to present graphics, it's out of the question to try and present it here.

You're far better off searching the key words on-line.

What is a braking resistor?

A braking resistor is used in motion systems where a motor in controlled by a drive. Typically, these are high-speed servomotors controlled by a servodrive. When accelerating, electrical energy is converted to a mechanical force to move a mass. When decelerating, that kinetic energy is converted (via the motor) back into electrical energy, and must go somewhere. To brake quick enough, the energy must be dumped into a power resistor, to be dissipated as heat.

Read more at the link provided below.

What is the small circuit board that holds a series of RAM chips called?

This board (and many others like it, serving the same function) is called a PCB - a Printed Circuit Board.

What is the Formula to covert voltage level to decibel?

You mean the conversion from voltage V to voltage level LV.

Voltage level LV = 20 * log V

117 volts equals 41.36 dB.

The reference voltage 1 volt means 0 dB.

What is The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels?

The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels is the axon hillock. This is where action potentials are initiated in response to incoming signals. Sodium channels open in response to depolarization, allowing sodium ions to flow into the neuron and trigger an action potential.

Which one of the following equations could be used to calculate the power absorbed by a resistor?

p=I*I*R ,
P=V*V/R;
where I is the current passing through the resistor, and V is the voltage across resistor, and R is the Resistance of the resistor,

How long does it take the voltage to go from zero to maximum on a 60 Hz power line?

The voltage on a utility power line, graphed against time, is the shape of a nice,

smooth sine function. At 60 Hz, it goes through 60 complete wiggles every second.

So it rises from zero to maximum in 1/4 of 1/60th of a second =

1/240 = 0.004167 second (rounded)

That's 4 1/6 milliseconds

What is the use of clamping circuits?

Used in applications where it is required to change reference level of input signal to any desired dc voltage level example in analog video processing

What is a reverberating circuit?

a closed circuit, in which the signal continually travels around a circular path over and over until one of the components (usually neurons) stops functioning and the signal is not transmitted to the next component; proposed by Hebb as the mechanism for short-term memory

What is tunneling effect in cmos?

If gate oxide is very thin then electrons in channel may enter into oxide region. This is called tunneling

What type of voltage does a PC use?

The devices inside a PC that actually do the work, meaning the IC "chips", all

operate on relatively low voltage DC. Exceptions might be the cooling fan and

the hard-disk-drive motor, but the actual electronics needs pure low-voltage DC.

That's decidedly NOT what you get from the wall outlet, so every computer needs to

include a substantial section called the "power supply", where the kind of power

that's also used to operate dishwashers and hair-dryers is stepped down, rectified,

regulated, and purified, to produce power that processors and other ICs can use.

How many voltage in television picture tube?

Depends entirely on what the TV is made for.

Most run on mains voltage - whatever that is where you live, but probably either around 120 VAC or 240 VAC.

But some are made for caravans, RVs, cars and trucks, and can run on either 12VDC or 24VDC.

Why use7085 ic in voltage regulator?

It will be 7805 in which 7 is company code; 8 means positive voltage & 05 is amount of positive voltage output.

What is the voltage of a blender?

The blender itself has no voltage. It's designed to operate best and last longest

when it's plugged into an outlet that supplies a specific voltage, depending on

the country where the blender is marketed. In the US, that's around 120 volts AC.

If the blender will be sold in other countries, it may be designed for different voltage.

Is the resistance value of the resistor 22000 ohms 22 megohm resistor?

22Kiloohm is 22,000 ohms

22megohm is 22,000,000 ohms

Kilo is a thousand

meg/mega is a million

How can loading effect affect voltage measurement in a circuit?

Suppose you have two 100 kilo Ohm resistors in series across a 12 volt supply.The expected and actual voltage at their junction is 6 volts. Now measure the voltage across one resistor with a Voltmeter. The instrument must take a little power to move the meter needle or be taken by the digital circuitry. If the input resistance of the voltmeter is 100 Kilo Ohms then it will make that resistor under test appear to be 50 Kilo Ohms. The voltage across the resistor drops to 4 Volts. This is the loading effect of the voltmeter.

What prevents electricity from leaking out of wires in a circuit?

Because electricity must be conducted in order to move. It is not a liquid.

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