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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

What is a T1 circuit uesd for?

T1 usage is for Voice or Data.

T1 is 23 Voice Trunks or 1.5 Mbps.

Can be channelized to do both at the same time.

www.intelletrace.com

What is use of Automatic gain control circuit?

Automatic Volume Control (AVC) automatically adjusts the volume of a TV/ radio according to the surrounding noise or environment with the intelligibility of speech or audio signal from the audio device.


Watching television or listening to the radio may be interfered by various sources noise.

Aircraft noise is extremely loud and researchers succeeded to reduce a few notches on noise meter. Railway noise also causes disturbances to local residents. In addition noise may come from traffics or viewers of television may start talking suddenly. Viewers of television may sit in a noise insulated room. Noise of that room may increase due to sudden opening of door. Automatic volume control will help user in understanding programs of television in all mentioned noisy situations. When user-defined volume high level is smaller than volume level required avoiding noise, user may feel further obstruction. While one or more viewers of television/ listeners of radio are talking or making noise volume will raise. Listeners will be warned about their noise through raise of volume automatically.

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Response #2:
(Answer #1:)

The above treatment is a very nice write-up on the subject of Automatic Volume
Control. The question, however, inquires regarding Automatic Gain Control (AGC).

AGC is implemented in a feedback loop inside any device where amplification takes
place, usually a radio receiver, video, or audio amplifier

, where portions of the circuit
work best only within some narrow range of signal level. When sub-circuits like that
are present, the signal level input to them is kept constant by preceding circuits
that sense the signal level, and adjust their gain appropriately so that their output
level ... and the input level to the following stages ... is held steady.

Often, the extent to which these control circuits are reducing their gain is brought
out to a single measuring point, and the voltage at that point is the source of all
the information available to indicate the strength of the signal arriving at the antenna.

Why is the EHT voltage higher in a color TV than in a monochrome TV?

Colour picture tubes use a shadow mask, or aperture grill, to ensure each electron beam lands on theright phosphor - same principle as a pin hole camera. But the shadow mask blocks a significant proportion of the beam. A higher accelerating voltage helps overcome that effect.

Is there a direct or inverse proportion between voltage and resistance?

There is an inverse proportion between voltage and resistance according to Ohm's Law: V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. This means that as resistance increases, the voltage across the circuit decreases, and vice versa.

Please show you the circuit diagram NTSC to PAL converter?

Comparing the NTSC video standard to the PAL standard, one finds that all of

the reference video levels are different, the color frequencies and phases are

different, and the vertical and horizontal scanning frequencies are different.

Converting one to the other is not a simple little box, but quite a complex piece

of equipment. Because of its complexity, and also because this site hasn't the

ability to present graphics, it's out of the question to try and present it here.

You're far better off searching the key words on-line.

What is a braking resistor?

A braking resistor is used in motion systems where a motor in controlled by a drive. Typically, these are high-speed servomotors controlled by a servodrive. When accelerating, electrical energy is converted to a mechanical force to move a mass. When decelerating, that kinetic energy is converted (via the motor) back into electrical energy, and must go somewhere. To brake quick enough, the energy must be dumped into a power resistor, to be dissipated as heat.

Read more at the link provided below.

What is the small circuit board that holds a series of RAM chips called?

This board (and many others like it, serving the same function) is called a PCB - a Printed Circuit Board.

What is the Formula to covert voltage level to decibel?

You mean the conversion from voltage V to voltage level LV.

Voltage level LV = 20 * log V

117 volts equals 41.36 dB.

The reference voltage 1 volt means 0 dB.

What is The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels?

The region of a neuron with voltage-gated sodium channels is the axon hillock. This is where action potentials are initiated in response to incoming signals. Sodium channels open in response to depolarization, allowing sodium ions to flow into the neuron and trigger an action potential.

Which one of the following equations could be used to calculate the power absorbed by a resistor?

p=I*I*R ,
P=V*V/R;
where I is the current passing through the resistor, and V is the voltage across resistor, and R is the Resistance of the resistor,

How long does it take the voltage to go from zero to maximum on a 60 Hz power line?

The voltage on a utility power line, graphed against time, is the shape of a nice,

smooth sine function. At 60 Hz, it goes through 60 complete wiggles every second.

So it rises from zero to maximum in 1/4 of 1/60th of a second =

1/240 = 0.004167 second (rounded)

That's 4 1/6 milliseconds

What is the use of clamping circuits?

Used in applications where it is required to change reference level of input signal to any desired dc voltage level example in analog video processing

What is a reverberating circuit?

a closed circuit, in which the signal continually travels around a circular path over and over until one of the components (usually neurons) stops functioning and the signal is not transmitted to the next component; proposed by Hebb as the mechanism for short-term memory

What is tunneling effect in cmos?

If gate oxide is very thin then electrons in channel may enter into oxide region. This is called tunneling

What type of voltage does a PC use?

The devices inside a PC that actually do the work, meaning the IC "chips", all

operate on relatively low voltage DC. Exceptions might be the cooling fan and

the hard-disk-drive motor, but the actual electronics needs pure low-voltage DC.

That's decidedly NOT what you get from the wall outlet, so every computer needs to

include a substantial section called the "power supply", where the kind of power

that's also used to operate dishwashers and hair-dryers is stepped down, rectified,

regulated, and purified, to produce power that processors and other ICs can use.

How many voltage in television picture tube?

Depends entirely on what the TV is made for.

Most run on mains voltage - whatever that is where you live, but probably either around 120 VAC or 240 VAC.

But some are made for caravans, RVs, cars and trucks, and can run on either 12VDC or 24VDC.

Why use7085 ic in voltage regulator?

It will be 7805 in which 7 is company code; 8 means positive voltage & 05 is amount of positive voltage output.