Cold War

A cold war or cold warfare is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. The surrogates are typically states that are "satellites" of the conflicting nations, i.e., nations allied to them or under their political influence. Opponents in a cold war will often provide economic or military aid, such as weapons, tactical support or military advisors, to lesser nations involved in conflicts with the opposing country.

There were numerous non-atomic wars during the Cold War, such as Vietnam, but the one that got everyone's attention was the threat of atomic warfare.

The Marshall Plan allowed European countries to rebuild quickly, economies recovered due to American financial aid.

Yes from the end of WWII until 1991, America was involved n the Cold War with communist countries like the Soviet union and Red China.

Stalin did not blockade Berlin; he was already deceased at that time, and the blockade was created by Nikita Kruschev. President Kennedy's response was to airlift supplies into West Berlin, thus defeating the blockade of the roads. At the time, Kennedy famously said "Ich bin ein Berliner" meaning, I am a Berliner.

Everybody chose sides, during the Cold War. Egypt and Syria were Soviet allies, while Turkey, Israel, and Iran were US allies (this was, of course, before the revolution in which Iran became an anti-American theocracy). When Russia invaded Afghanistan, the US aided the mujaheddin.

The split happened at the end of WW2. When Berlin fell the first to arrive were the Soviet troops and then the Allied troops came into the city. The major parties decided to divide the city into four sections. There was the Eastern section overseen by Russia and then the 3 sections controlled by the Allies. This soon divided the city. When a border was created at the Eastern and Western section it further divided Germany. Finally, the Berlin Wall was built by Russia that further made the border between West Germany and East Germany solid. It came to represent the differences in governments, communism, and democracy and it stayed that way for 60 years with armies facing each other until 1989 when the wall came down.

One effect is that the space race happened. The ending of this was victory for America. Another one is that America has a boost of nukes and atomic bombs. The last one is that many countries in the eastern area if Europe became weaker.

It didn't. The First Tet Offensive demoralized the US and played a large part in our decision to pull out of Vietnam.

The weird thing about Tet is, the North Vietnamese actually lost on the battlefield.

The U.S. believed in the philosophy that the world should avoid another all out war, but also believed that communism and similar government ideals should not be allowed to spread to the many newly deimperialized (for lack of a better word) countries that gained independence from European powers as a result of WWII or the economically damaged countries in Europe from being absorbed into the growing U.S.S.R. The U.S. effectively tried to buy off or bully (maybe a little harsh, but true) anyone who was considering communism or socialism (look at us now), or might give way to anarchy. The Marshall plan was meant to help Europe recover economically and restore its capitalist economy while military involvement throughout Asia (most of which did not succeed - Vietnam/Korea - and caused us to be unable to react to the growing communist party in China) and the Truman Doctrine won the friendship of newly not colony states in Latin America (but really economically made them just as dependent on us as most of them were on the British). This was, in hindsight, an enormous risk on America's side as our economy wasn't very strong at that point either, but it mostly paid off in the end (N. Korea, Cuba, China, and China)

*Note, parenthesis are not necessarily political views, just observations

CIA trained Cuban refugees

During the Cold War, the US was opposed to the USSR, and they were an officially atheist nation, therefore the US wished to emphasize that it was a religious nation and therefore the opposite of the USSR. The main conflict was between economic systems, capitalism vs. communism, and between political systems, democracy vs. dictatorship, but there was a religious element as well.

JFK's Cold War foreign policy was called containment. The US did not attempt to overthrow existing communist governments but it did not want to allow any non-communist nations to be taken over by communism. The spread of communism was to be contained.

Figure it out on your own!

A Buffer State is a country that is neutral but sits between two countries with conflict. During the Cold War The US and the Union of Soviet were in turmoil but the Soviets would have to cross into Canadian air space to get to the US. Therefore making Canada the Buffer.

Because they believed the Soviets were going to launch bombers and missiles and destroy the United States.

About 45 years

enormous accumulation of plutonium metal on both sides!

The soviets and americans were already at war so when the soviets went to space first america tried to beat them there.

It was called the Domino Theory.

This theory said, if a country becomes communist all its neighbors will eventually fall to communism like dominoes.

The reality is, countries don't become communist unless they're forced to. People like owning things. They like being able to go to the store and buy bananas if they want. And it's hard to do those things in a country where the state owns everything and foods are rationed.

the berlin wall

NATO, established in 1949, was perceived by the USSR as a direct military threat, as it unified Western allies against potential Soviet expansion. The alliance's collective defense principle, particularly Article 5, intensified fears in the USSR of encirclement and aggression. Additionally, NATO's expansion into Eastern Europe and the deployment of nuclear weapons in member states heightened tensions and contributed to the Cold War rivalry. This military alignment fostered an adversarial environment, reinforcing the ideological divide between the two blocs.

Possibly their leaders retained some small degree of rationality and/or empathy even at the most stressful moments (however I doubt that either the current United States president or Russian Federation president are capable of either rationality or empathy).

Possibly it was entirely sheer blind luck.

Possibly (if you are religious) God decided not to let them do it.

Possibly we will never know.

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On the whole, the Cold War, like war in general, was hugely destructive, however, if I want to I can find some good results. The Cold War was the major reason for the competition between the US and the USSR known as the space race, which resulted in the moon landing in 1969. Perhaps without the Cold War as a motivation, we would never have gone to the moon. Of course, you might also argue that going to the moon was a stunt which did not change the human condition on Earth, however, that is not really the case. The space program was a fundamentally important source of scientific progress in many fields, such as computer science, which has proved to be of tremendous importance. All sorts of important technical problems had to be solved, to make possible the successful moon landing. So, something good was accomplished.

Hydrogen bomb