Concrete and Cement

Where I am, concrete would be made in the proportions of 1 of cement, 2 of sand, and 4 of gravel. River gravel, by definition is stronger material than the fines and sand, for it has better withstood the travel down the river. Thus river gravel will always make a stronger concrete that material quarried from a hillside, even if nominally the same rock type.

The cement should cover every material surface inside the concrete. That is why too much sand (with its proportionately higher surface to volume ratio) will weaken the concrete.

The setting reaction is a complex set of calcium carbonate, sulphate, and silicate reactions which take considerable time to form the crystals which give the strength to the concrete. And, of course, any water surplus to the crystal formation will leave (minute) voids that will give a weaker concrete.

So for concrete constructions in which strength is vital (bridges, slabs) a long drying period is preferred, and the concrete should be kept moist for as long as possible.

A subducting slab is a portion of the Earth's lithosphere that is sinking into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. This process occurs when one tectonic plate moves beneath another, typically due to differences in density. Subducting slabs are responsible for generating deep earthquakes and can cause volcanic activity at the surface.

A core drill is a drill specifically designed to remove a cylinder of material, much like a hole saw. The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core. Diamond core bit is commonly used in construction to create holes for pipes, manholes, and other large-diameter penetrations in concrete or stone.

Unreinforced concrete structures are prone to cracking, collapsing, and disintegrating under intense earthquake tremors. The lack of reinforcement like steel bars makes them unable to withstand the lateral forces and shearing that occur during seismic events, leading to significant damage or failure. It is crucial to retrofit or reinforce these structures to enhance their seismic performance and minimize risks.

Earthwork costs can vary widely based on factors such as the site location, soil conditions, and project scale. On average, earthwork costs can range from $20 to $200 per cubic yard. It's recommended to get quotes from multiple contractors to get a more accurate estimate for your specific project.

Dry concrete weighs more than wet sand because concrete is denser and more compact than sand, even when wet. Concrete is composed of cement, sand, gravel, and water, which results in a heavier material compared to sand alone.

Ice wedging is not a common cause of potholes in streets. Potholes are typically formed due to a combination of factors such as weathering, traffic, and poor road maintenance. Ice wedging primarily occurs in natural environments where water freezes and expands in cracks in rocks or soil.

Although put together by humans, the parts of cement are natural. Cement is a fine, soft, powdery-type substance. It is made from a mixture of natural rocks: limestone, clay, sand and/or shale. When cement is mixed with water, it can bind sand and gravel into a hard, solid mass called concrete.

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C3A refers to tricalcium aluminate, which is one of the main phases in cement. It reacts with water to form calcium aluminate hydrates, contributing to the early strength development of concrete. Its reactivity can affect the setting time and durability of concrete.

Ordinary Portland cement is form from materials of limestone or chalk and clay in proportion of 78and 22% respectively. The limestone and the clay are crushed and water is added to form slurry. The slurry is the heated at a high temperature in a klin to form clinker. The clinker is grinded into a powder and a range of gypsum is added which generate setting or hardening when water is added.

Mixing Clorox (bleach) with cement can release harmful chlorine gas, which is toxic if inhaled and can cause respiratory issues. It can also weaken the structure of the cement and affect its longevity and strength. It is important to avoid mixing these two substances together.

Cement solidifies through a chemical process called hydration, where water reacts with the compounds in the cement mixture to form a solid structure. This process creates strong bonds between the cement particles, resulting in a solidified mass that hardens over time.

The liquid cement in the mixer has undergone a chemical reaction called hydration, where it solidifies and hardens into a solid mass when poured between bricks. This process creates a bond between the bricks, forming a strong and stable structure.

Mixing cement and water is a reversible change because the two substances can be separated by allowing the water to evaporate, leaving the solid cement behind. This process does not alter the chemical composition of either the cement or the water.

Inhaling the fumes from rubber cement can cause a feeling of euphoria due to the chemicals it contains, such as toluene and acetone. However, this practice is extremely dangerous and can lead to serious health problems, including organ damage and brain damage. It is not safe or recommended to use rubber cement to get high.

Free lime in cement refers to unhydrated particles of calcium oxide present in the cement paste. It can negatively impact the strength and durability of the concrete mixture by leading to expansion, cracking, and reduced long-term performance. To ensure good quality concrete, free lime content should be minimized during the manufacturing process.

No, thermacol will not stick well with cement as they are two different materials with different properties. It is recommended to use an adhesive specifically designed for bonding thermacol to other surfaces.

Using bleach (Chlorox) to clean concrete on flagstone is not recommended as it can cause discoloration and damage to both the concrete and flagstone surfaces. It is better to use a mild detergent or specialized stone cleaner along with a scrub brush or pressure washer to safely clean the surfaces without causing harm.

Limestone is the primary mineral used to make cement and mortar. It is primarily composed of calcium carbonate, which when heated in a kiln produces lime (calcium oxide) that is a key ingredient in cement and mortar production.

Cement is not natural in its raw form. It is a manufactured product made by heating limestone and other materials at high temperatures to create a powdered substance that forms the basis for concrete when mixed with water, sand, and gravel.

The bulk density of refractory cement can vary depending on the specific formulation, but it typically ranges from 1.8 to 2.2 g/cm3.

Cement is mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete. Sand and gravel act as the aggregate to provide strength and structure, while water is crucial for hydration of the cement to form a solid material.

To remove battery acid stains from concrete, you can use a mixture of water and baking soda to scrub the affected area. Dawn dish soap can help to remove grease stains from concrete by applying it directly to the stain, scrubbing with a brush, and rinsing thoroughly with water. However, for tough grease stains, you may need to use a commercial degreaser.