Crusades

Pope Urban II was motivated to call for the first crusade to liberate the Holy Land for these reasons:

A. He hoped to channel the military power of Europe to work towards what he considered to be useful work for Christianity; and

B. He wished to establish the claims of the Papacy in present day political, social and religious affairs.

Constantinople

The Alps.

The crusades could not fail to affect in many ways the life of western Europe. For instance, they helped to undermine feudalism. Thousands of barons and knights mortgaged or sold their lands in order to raise money for a crusading expedition. Thousands more perished in Syria and their estates, through failure of heirs, reverted to the crown. Moreover, private warfare, that curse of the Middle Ages, [20] also tended to die out with the departure for the Holy Land of so many turbulent feudal lords. Their decline in both numbers and influence, and the corresponding growth of the royal authority, may best be traced in the changes that came about in France, the original home of the crusading movement.It also influnced the fuedal system because the nobels sold land and bought land.

It was in pursuit of such trade routes the Columbus "discovered" the New World.

The Crusades significantly influenced trade by opening up new routes and fostering interactions between Europe and the East. As Crusaders traveled to the Holy Land, they established connections with Muslim and Byzantine merchants, facilitating the exchange of goods such as spices, silk, and precious metals. This increased demand for Eastern products in Europe contributed to the rise of merchant economies and the growth of trade cities like Venice and Genoa. Overall, the Crusades helped lay the groundwork for the later Age of Exploration and the expansion of global trade networks.

because normally they were promised to get things if they went but most never survived to make it back to get those things

Greed

NO

The band of peasants(the Peasants' Crusade) led by Peter the Hermit, was destroyed by Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan.

Sixth Crusade happened in 1228.

Northern Crusades happened in 12##.

Alexandrian Crusade happened in 1365.

The goal was to recapture the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Seldjuk Turks. The Turks had defeated the Byzantines in 1071, and took Jerusalem. They persecuted the Chistians. So, the Crusades were military expeditions fought by the Europeans to win back the Holy Land. The First Crusade was called by the Pope (Urban II). The Crusades successfully captured Jerusalem in 1099 and massacred its inhabitants.

No one single person encouraged the Crusades. These military campaigns were sanctioned by the Latin Roman Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages and Late Middle Ages.

Kingdom Crusade happened in 1991.

Yes, Christians gained permanent control of Jerusalem during the Crusades, particularly after the First Crusade in 1099, when they captured the city and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This Christian rule lasted until 1187, when Saladin recaptured the city. Although there were subsequent periods of Christian control, such as during the brief reconquest by European powers in the late 13th century, Jerusalem has not been under permanent Christian control since Saladin's victory.

The end of the Crusades is generally marked by the fall of Acre in 1291, which was the last major Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land. This event effectively signified the end of organized Crusader efforts to regain control over Jerusalem and other territories in the region. While there were later military expeditions and attempts at crusading, they lacked the same level of support and organization as the earlier campaigns, indicating a shift in focus for European powers. The Crusading movement gradually declined in the following centuries, with changing political and religious landscapes.

54,000

Yes

Third Crusade happened in 1189.

Seventh Crusade happened in 1248.