As far as we know, there is no atmosphere on Haumea, meaning there is no weather and no storms.
We do not know for certain at this time, but it is likely, since a perfectly smooth terrestrial planet is a near impossibility.
I'm not sure, but there is oxygen on most planets, most not having enough for earth organisms to survive.
A small, fast probe would take over 10 years to get there in the best conditions. A manned ship would take much longer.
So far, no. It would take a small, fast probe over ten years to get there, and even longer for a manned vessel. It is possible a probe mission will happen someday.
With our current spacecraft technology, getting a small probe out to the Kuiper Belt to visit a dwarf planet such as Haumea would take at least ten years. As technology improves spacecraft will get faster and more efficient, decreasing travel time, but until then it would take quite a long time.
The people who have been the closest to Haumea were the Apollo astronauts in orbit around the moon. At about 250,000 miles further out from the Earth, this distance is insignificant, since Haumea is over fifty times the distance from the Sun than Earth orbits at.
Haumea has a gravitational pull of just 0.63m/s2, which is between one fifteenth and one sixteenth of that of Earth.
Haumea, the dwarf planet, unlike the other 8 planets that we're used to, is
nowhere near spherical. So it has many different circumferences, depending on
where and how you take the 'cross-section'.
The on-line reference that I found describes Haumea's shape as something like
a large potato, and lists its dimensions as
1,960 × 1,520 × 1,000 km (1,220 × 940 × 620 miles).
If we were to assume that the cross-section along the largest dimension is circular,
then the circumference of that section would be 1,220 x pi = 3,833 miles.
Comment: There's something strange about that answer. A dwarf planet by definition has to be roughly spherical. I think Haumea is a "prolate spheroid". That's a shape like an American football, or a rugby ball. Its average radius is very roughly 600 km. (I must say the drawings of Haumea don't look very spherical to me.)
So, its circumference must be very roughly 3800 km. That's a coincidence. I get almost the same answer, but in kilometers not miles!
There is a lot of water on Haumea, though due to its cold temperatures, all of it (at least on the surface) is frozen. We do not know enough about its surface to definitively say if it has volcanoes, though other pieces of evidence suggest it might.
No. It is far too small and too far away to be seen with the naked eye. Even with the most advanced telescopes it wasn't discovered until 2004.
Haumea has a gravitational pull of 0.63m/s2, or between one fifteenth and one sixteenth that of Earth.
Waiting for the perfect launch windows, it would still take well over 10 years for a small probe to get to Haumea. A manned ship would take even longer.
At this time it is believed tha Haumea has no atmosphere.