Electronics Engineering

Without some idea of the circuit surrounding R3, no answer can be given.

AND gate is A.B

If two not gates are added at both inputs of and gate then output becomes A'.B' which is equal to (A+B)' by DeMorgan's law.

hence the nor gate is formed

Update: Put more simply, invert A and B by attaching A to both inputs of one NOR and attaching B to both inputs of another NOR, then NOR the results of the previous two NOR gates. Total of three NOR gates in a two-level implementation.

NAND can obviously be created by inverting the result.

The carrier signal occurs at the beginning to transmit information.

It will oscillate if the loop gain exceeds 1 when the phase difference round the loop is 360 degrees. The frequency of oscillation is set by the loop phase being equal to 360 degrees.

Yes, Pyranol is a nasty substance.

With a common emitter amplifier it's the emitter that is usually grounded.

I = E ÷ R = 120V ÷ (60Ω + 40Ω + 20Ω) = you figure it out now

Some devices are internally either in the open drain or in the open collector configuration.

So in order to create a closed path for the current the device is pulled up with a resistor to the supply.

It is a bias of a fixed voltage supplied by a separate low-power bias supply. Early radios used a 9 v tapped bias battery. In some amplifiers fixed bias can be dispensed with and the bias voltage is derived from one of the currents in the circuit.

Divide 1 million by 200,000 and the answer is 5 seconds.

when a light is on it is part of a scolde circuit

a socket that is soldered to a printed circuit board, into which a 8 pin integrated circuit package may be plugged to connect it to the circuitry.

A heat-sink is needed to dissipate the wasted power without any undue temperature rise. The effectiveness of a heat sink is measured by the watts dissipated per degree of temperature rise.

a form of low voltage DC to high voltage AC power conversion circuit.

Common-emitter gives more voltage gain because a common-collector amplifier has a voltage gain of 1. But a common-collector can have a power gain because the input impedance is much more than the output impedance.

false

Nothing is utilized in a schematic diagram, a schematic diagram is just a representation of something at a conceptual level. Only the actual thing, in this case an electronic circuit, utilizes anything.

its likely to have the full supply voltage across it

probably overload. which means whatever is being measured is beyond the range of the current scale.

Commutation Capacitors are usually switched in parallel to the thyristors.

once the gate has triggered conduction between cathode and anode, the gate has no further control; conduction will continue until power is removed from the cathode to anode circuit.

read the datasheet or databook entry for the chip. there is no other reliable way.

Its resonant frequency is where its length is half a wavelength, so for 100 MHz the wavelength is 3 metres and a 1.5-metre long dipole is resonant. A dipole antenna can be used for many applications within a band of 10-20% around the resonant frequency.