Electronics Engineering

Two eight-ohm resistors in series would have a total resistance of 16 ohms.

Two eight-ohm resistors in parallel would have a total resistance of four ohms.

The simplest way is the Ideal Model representation of a diode.

Forward: V=0(short circuit),r'd=0,I=use Ohm's law.

Reverse: V=Vbias(Open Circuit),I=0,r'R=0.

Ideal model means it is acting as a switch.

3 Ampere

Direct band semconductors are mostly for LEDs. Indirect band semiconductors like Si and Ge are conventional diodes.

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Because most of the heat buildup occurs in the reverse biased collector-base junction where Ic = Ie + Ib flows.

Transmission bandwidth depends on modulating signal frequency and carrier frequency

C is a conductor, so valence and conduction bands overlap.

if you mean SiC, silicon carbide, energy gap is ~2.86eV @ 300K (ambient temperature)

Approximately 70

If you mean the capacity of the capacitor then,

Factors are:-

Area of of overlap of the plates

Separation of the plates

How good is the insulating material between the plates (the dielectric)

If you mean how large a charge can be stored then,

Factors are:-

The capacitance of the capacitor (C).

The applied voltage (V).

Charge Q =CxV

V cannot exceed the dielectric's breakdown voltage.

When the frequency is zero(i.e when dc power is supplied), capacitor is open is treated as open circuit having infinite resistance.

Zenor diode is allow to flow current in forward direction and it can also allow current in reverse direction when the voltage is above the certain value.

You will have to have some computer skills to learn how to do this. You have to put in the right code in order to get it to work.

In carbureted cars, this is completely an analog function, from pedal to carburetor throttle body. On electronic fuel injected cars, this is part analog and part digital. The part where your foot controls the position of the accelerator is analog, then this position information is digitized and sent to the cars control computer where the position information is translated into an engine RPM request. This digital request is sent to a sophisticated fuel/air control algorithm which increases/decreases the injector activation control period in relation to the volume of in rushing air measurement. The digital side of an injection control scheme is a pretty delicate balance of engine part design knowledge, such as cam lift/open duration/close timing. This is why if you change a physical feature of an engine that is computer injection controlled, the computer needs to be reprogrammed in order to take advantage of the change.

there is no forward breakdown voltage for any diode

depends on what you are measuring

practical use like electricity or batteries as low as possible

to test voltage on a car battery perhaps 0.1 ohm / volt

to check the final anode on a crt tv at least 1000 ohms per volt

low power circuits require higher impedance

wire connections low impedance

the 10000 ohm per volt meters are fine as fixed monitors but usless for practical service work. they indicate voltage thru oxides and lose screws

they show 120V in a socket when the lamp refuses to light

the gold one did it

Only if you are a politician or priest.

The circuit resistance is likely to gradually drop and in such case it will cause the circuit to burn down.

When your ripple is a lot lower than the supply voltage, here is a rule of thumb:

for a single diode rectifier: U = I/(100*C) with I in ampere, C in uF

for example 1A supply, 1000 uF cap, gives Upp = 1/100e-3= 10 Volts.

Use 60 for 60 Hz line systems.

for a bridge diode retifier: U = I/(50*C) with I in ampere, C in uF

for example 1A supply, 1000 uF cap, gives Upp = 1/50e-3= 5 Volts peak to peak.

Use 120 for 60 Hz line systems.

Note: it is only an approximation, does not include resistances etc.

a properly designed motor wont overheat unless it is overloaded

this is something like 3/4" drill with a 1/4" shaft that is used to drill in steel

sometimes hole saws have a 1/4" mandrel that will hold the entire line of saws

the motor must be matched to the load

5MHz

7

CD4070BE, SN74HC86N, SN74ACT86N, SN74LS86AN, CD74ACT86E, and CD74HCT86E are some of them