Evolution

Better adaptions in the immediate environment leading to greater reproductive success.

All organisms in a population are variations and in the immediate environment some organisms are better suited to survive and reproduce against their conspecifics. They have greater fitness.

Darwin's theory of evolution, known as natural selection, proposes that species evolve over time through the process of genetic variation, adaptation to the environment, and differential reproductive success. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on those traits to their offspring, leading to changes in the population over generations.

The sequencing of amino acids in a protein is determined by the order of nucleotides in the gene that codes for that protein. During protein synthesis, the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into the sequence of amino acids. This process is carried out by the ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.

The better question would be; what biological sciences DO NOT support Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Evolution is the backbone of biology and the theory that explains much about evolution is the bedrock on which all biology is built, regardless of the apparent absence in some disciplines of biology.

It is no longer just Darwin's theory as many disciplines not formed then, and some extant then, have added to and refined the theory.

Genetics

Molecular cell biology.

Evolutionary developmental biology.

Biochemistry.

Geology.

Paleontology.

Population generics.

Botany.

Evolutionary biology.

And the list can go on.

Google, disciplines in biology, wiki.

Organisms are related to evolution through the process of natural selection. Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations, which occurs as a result of natural selection acting on heritable traits. Organisms that possess advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring, leading to changes in the population over time.

Adaptations are inherited traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment, developed over generations through natural selection. Acquired characteristics are traits that an organism develops during its lifetime in response to environmental factors or experiences, and are not passed on to offspring. Adaptations are genetic and heritable, while acquired characteristics are not.

The selection process in DEVGRU is called Green Team. It is a highly rigorous and challenging selection course designed to assess candidates' physical and mental abilities, as well as their operational skills and team dynamics. Only a small percentage of candidates successfully complete the Green Team selection process.

Yes, environmental changes can drive variations in reproductive success, which is a key component of natural selection. Individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. This process helps shape the evolution of species over time.

No, speciation is not a logically necessary consequenceof natural selection. However, given that circumstances can and inevitably will lead to divergence between sub-populations of a species, speciation can be said to be a practically inevitable consequence of evolution. It's a bit like balancing a sharp pencil on its point. Theoretically it can be done. In practice, however, the pencil will fall over the second you let it go.

Scientists currently think that life got started between 3.8 and 3.5 billion years ago, probably less than a billion year after the formation of the Earth. It is certain that life existed by 2.7 billion years ago.

One of the most prominent names to object to (parts of) Darwin's proposals was Richard Owen. Other than him, objections came mostly from religious corners. Acceptance of Darwin's hypotheses was very broad right from the start.

See links below for more information.

New since when?

The answer may include anything from new palaeontological evidence (eg. fossils and such) to new geophysical findings to the advent of genetics and new findings in the fields of genetics and genomics to the latest findings based on the mathematical modelling of population dynamics and population genetics, and so forth, and so on.

Perhaps a more specific question might help.

At the time some scientists did reject the theory, but by the end of Darwin's life the theory was, tentatively, accepted. Then genetics took off and the theory was panned again. 1900 t0 1932. Then the modern synthesis arose blending genetics with systematic thought, paleontology and botany and the theory of evolution by natural selection was on much firmer footing The theory has undergone many modifications since Darwin's day, as any scientific theory does, but, aside from some minor scientific challenges, the theory is still standing more than 150 years later.

Evolution is the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms; change over time. This is all that it involves and whether the driver of evolution is natural selection, the adaptive driver of evolution, genetic drift, a random process or gene flow between populations, gene frequencies in these populations change and that is all evolution involves.

Now, how evolution occurs with it's various drivers is another question for another time.

Evolution within a species occurs through the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. Over time, these small changes in gene frequencies accumulate, giving rise to new traits and ultimately leading to the evolution of the species.

Fact #1: Darwin's theory of evolution proposes that populations of organisms originating from a shared common ancestor diverge, producing new species.

Fact #2: Darwin's theory of evolution proposes that the most important mechanisms driving the divergence of populations are reproductive variation and differential reproductive success.

Fact #3: Darwin's theory of evolution proposes that, following #1, all known life on Earth is ultimately related through descent.

A gratuitous fact #4: The modern theory of evolution is no longer limited to Darwin's original proposals. New facts have been found, new mechanisms proposed, and existing models and hypotheses refined to accommodate the new data.

Evolution doesn't require faith. Faith is confidence or trust in a person, thing, deity, or in the doctrines or teachings of a religion. It is also belief that is not based on proof. - Dictionary.com But theory of evolution. A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. - National Academy of Sciences.

Blitzle evolves at level 27

As for types of evolution: within the context of biology, there's only one accepted model for evolution: the model that explains evolution in terms of population genetics, pioneered by Charles Darwin.

As for rates: according to the punctuated equilibrium model, the rates of divergence can vary wildly. Species can exist for hundreds of thousands of generations, with only superficial morphological change, and then in the space of a mere ten thousand generations branch off into distinct separate morphologies.

Mutations are random changes in an organism's DNA that can lead to new traits. These new traits can impact an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, influencing its chances of passing on these traits to future generations. Over time, accumulated mutations contribute to genetic diversity, which is essential for evolution by natural selection to occur.

That they are both theories of evolutionary change, but the tempo of the change is different enough that we have the two theories. Rapid evolutionary change punctuated with long periods of stasis describes the former while gradual and incremental change over long periods is the description of the later. Natural selection seems to be more important in gradualism than punctuation, but this is a murky area that is argued about often.

Oparin's hypothesis proposed that Earth's early atmosphere could have supported the formation of organic molecules, providing the foundational idea for Miller and Urey's experiment. Miller and Urey's experiment aimed to simulate early Earth conditions and demonstrated that organic molecules, including amino acids, could indeed be produced in a laboratory setting, supporting Oparin's hypothesis.