Evolution

Studying the Precambrian time is challenging due to a lack of well-preserved rocks, limited fossil records, and the immense timescale involved (4.6 billion to 541 million years ago). Additionally, geological processes have altered many Precambrian rocks over time, making it hard to interpret their original characteristics accurately.

The idea that evolution is a directed process with a predetermined goal or purpose is not part of Darwin's theory of natural selection. Instead, Darwin proposed that evolution occurs through random variation and selection based on the fitness of individuals in a given environment.

Evolution never stops, although at times it is a very slow process. An organism that is perfectly adapted to its ecological niche would experience no evolutionary pressure, but then, no niche stays the same forever; the environment changes, and organisms must adapt.

Basically, it's marriage to genetics. Early 20th century geneticists thought that natural selection was too weak to take random mutation and do anything with it. The founders of population genetics and systemists in biology by mathematical paraphernalia showed that gradual allele frequency change over time in populations of organisms was possible ( supported by experiment since ) and jumps in mutational events were not necessary.

Plus the fact that Darwin's original theory had a mechanism of heredity, blending, that could not work with natural selection.

New species emerge as a result of reproductive isolation between subpopulations followed by continuing divergence at the genetic and behavioural level. This process is called speciation.
Evolution is the gradual process in which already existing species undergoes in order to have a greater chance of survival. Because Natural Selection takes place, random mutations occur in offsprings, and so new characteristics and attributes are formed. These random mutations may occur because they may have a greater chance of survival or because it would benefit them in some way. For example, the giraffe's long neck came about when it found that it needed a way to obtain leaves from the tops of trees. And so, generation by generation, it's neck slowly lengthened until it was able to do so.

Since the natural selection is a theory, we can not apply a theory as a science. Even though some scientists believed in natural selection: think of Nazi scientists, Soviet scientists, etc. They were 100% evolutionist believers. Nobody yet seen atoms but we believe that they exist...strange. We apply faith in some modern science...hmmm...

The formation of new species, known as speciation, typically requires a reproductive barrier that prevents gene flow between populations. This can occur through mechanisms such as geographic isolation, genetic mutations, or behavioral differences. Over time, these barriers can lead to genetic divergence and the development of distinct species.

Yes, evolution is an ongoing process that continues to happen today. It is driven by various factors such as natural selection, genetic mutations, and other mechanisms that lead to changes in species over time.

Yes. Even though Darwin called the Origin " one long " argument " the book was well supported by the evidence of the day and gave ways to falsify the material in the book,. hypothesis for testing and predictions on what would be found that turned out to be quite accurate. So, scientific.

Basically because populations evolve and individuals are selected. Let us assume that a beneficial mutation occurs in a individual organism. Even if beneficial in the immediate environment it must be in the germ line and passed on to progeny who mate with other organisms whose genes must work in concert with the new mutation that then needs to spread far enough into the populations gene pool so that there is a change in allele frequency that leads to, perhaps, some morphological or behavioral change. This can take uncounted generations, or can be a bit quicker. But, never in one jump.

The variable in Daniel's planned experiment is the factor that he is changing or manipulating to see its effect on the outcome. It is the independent variable.

Darwin talked about natural selection, basically it means that the stronger ones survive to reproduce, if they develop an adaptation that works they pass it on. This relates to genes because that's how we pass down traits, so stronger ones are supposed to pass down better genes. and over a very long time a species evolves

Basically it is because they die and any mutations in germ lines, genetic recombinations and any beneficial variations die with them. Only populations evolve because the frequency of alleles in population gene pools change over time due to the selection of individuals who pass on these frequency changing traits to progeny.

Sure! An example of microevolution would be the change in wing color of a population of butterflies over several generations due to natural selection. On the other hand, an example of macroevolution would be the development of a new species from a population of organisms over millions of years, such as the evolution of whales from land-dwelling mammals.

French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution conflicted with Darwin's theory. Lamarck proposed that acquired characteristics could be passed down to offspring, while Darwin's theory emphasized natural selection and gradual change over generations.

Yes, Herbert Spencer attempted to apply the theory of biological evolution to sociology by proposing that societies evolve in a similar way to organisms, with those that are better adapted to their environment surviving and progressing. He believed that social progress was achieved through competition and natural selection, a concept he termed "social Darwinism."

The organisms in the environment will likely adapt to the conditions present, potentially evolving new traits or behaviors to thrive. Competition for resources may lead to some species outcompeting others, leading to shifts in population sizes. Environmental changes and disturbances can also impact the ecosystem's composition and structure over time.

A species' survival depends on it's ability to stay within the parameters set by external stimuli and biotic & abiotic factors.

The faster a species can adapt to stay within these parameters, the more effective it will be in that environment, and the better it's chance is for survival.

Larmark's theory was based on the idea that organisms inherited characteristics that they had acquired in life - so, if you have a scar your offspring will have scars. Darwin's theory assumed that offspring inherited characteristics from their parents, but they were more likely to survive to breed if there was advantage to those characteristics.

Mutations are the most important type of genetic change for evolution. Mutations create genetic variation within a population, which is the raw material for natural selection to act upon, driving evolutionary change.

In the atmosphere, in the upper layers of waters, basically everywhere where there's enough of the component elements, energy and convection available.

Note that recent observations in astronomy have shown massive amounts of organic molecules to be present about newly formed star systems, so it's very well possible that some organic molecules were transported to Earth by comets, etc.

Natural selection is, simply put, the nonrandom survival and reproductive success of randomly varying organisms.

Variation

more born than can survive

better adapted selected

traits passed on to progeny

alleles change in populations over time

Evolution is a slow ongoing process that involves changes in the genetic makeup of populations over generations. These changes can lead to the adaptation of organisms to their environment and the formation of new species. The process of evolution is driven by natural selection, genetic drift, and other factors that act on the variability within populations.