Fuel Cells

Spacecraft fuel tanks are typically made of lightweight materials like aluminum or carbon fiber composites. These materials are chosen for their strength, durability, and low weight to maximize fuel efficiency and payload capacity. The tanks are also designed to withstand the extreme conditions of space travel, including temperature changes and high pressures.

The major elements in a microbial cell include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements are essential for various cellular processes such as energy production, metabolism, and macromolecule synthesis. Additionally, microbial cells may also contain trace elements like iron, magnesium, and potassium for enzyme function and structural stability.

Hydrogen combustion produces water vapor as the main byproduct, which is cleaner than the pollutants emitted from burning fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. This results in less pollution being released into the atmosphere when hydrogen is used as fuel.

The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the main part of a fuel cell that is made out of a polymer. It consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane sandwiched between two catalyst-coated electrodes. The polymer membrane allows for the movement of ions while blocking the passage of gases.

Glucose is the major fuel used in cell activities. Cells break down glucose through a process called cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Living cells primarily use glucose as a source of fuel to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration. Glucose is broken down in a series of reactions to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as the main energy currency in cells. Some cells can also use other molecules such as fatty acids and amino acids for energy production.

The cell that can produce hydrogen gas fuel by using electricity to decompose water is an electrolyzer. Electrolyzers use an electric current to split water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases through a process called electrolysis.

Hydrogen fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing water as the only byproduct. Hydrogen fusion, on the other hand, involves combining hydrogen isotopes under high temperature and pressure to release energy, mimicking the process that powers the sun. Fusion has the potential to generate much more energy than fuel cells but is still in the research and development stage for practical applications.

The main element used in fuel cells is typically hydrogen, which is combined with oxygen to produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction.

The main fuel source for the work of the cell is the mitochondria.

potassium hydroxide

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in certain types of fuel cells called direct borohydride fuel cells. In these fuel cells, hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidant in place of oxygen. However, the efficiency and practicality of using hydrogen peroxide in fuel cells is still being researched and developed.

Fuel cells in a nuclear reactor are the structural components where nuclear fission reactions occur, generating heat. This heat is used to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. The fuel cells contain the nuclear fuel (such as uranium) and control rods to regulate the nuclear reactions.

Hydrogen fuel cells combine hydrogen with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, heat, and water as byproducts. This process is known as electrochemical conversion.

Platinum is currently used in fuel cells as a catalyst to facilitate the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. However, research is ongoing to reduce or replace the use of platinum due to its high cost and limited availability.

Yes, sodium hydroxide is an electrolyte commonly used in fuel cells. It helps to facilitate the flow of ions between the electrodes, allowing the fuel cell to generate electricity efficiently.

A fuel cell operates based on the same principle as a voltaic cell; it generates electricity through a chemical reaction. In a fuel cell, chemical energy from the fuel is directly converted to electrical energy without combustion, making it similar to a voltaic cell that uses redox reactions to generate electrical energy. Therefore, it is correct to classify a fuel cell as a type of voltaic cell.

parallel circuit: Providing that the breakage does not result in a short circuit the other bulbs will still light.

series circuit: If the breakage results in a short circuit through the bulb the other bulbs will light more brightly. If the breakage results in a breakage of the connection through the bulb then the other bulbs will not light.

Potassium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte in hydrogen fuel cells to facilitate the movement of ions between the electrodes and generate electricity. It helps to enhance the conductivity of the cell and improve overall efficiency in the conversion of hydrogen into electricity. Additionally, potassium hydroxide also plays a role in maintaining the pH balance within the fuel cell.

The Apollo 13 crew DID shut down the reactant valves when ordered to by mission control.

They were asked to shut down the Oxygen reactant valves to two of the three fuel cell in a vain effort to stop the venting of the oxygen into space.

The reason there was a slight reluctance for mission control to order the valve shutdown, is that once closed, these valves cannot be re-opened and the two fuel cellls would then become unusable.

Mission rules state that there must be at least two fully functioning fuel cells before a landing can be attempted. shutting down the two reactant valves effectively aborted the landing mission. However the true damage to the spacecraft was so severe that this was a moot point anyway, and the landing would have to have been aborted in any case.

In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react to produce water and generate electricity through an electrochemical process. This reaction involves the oxidation of hydrogen at the anode, release of electrons, movement of electrons through an external circuit, and reduction of oxygen at the cathode to form water. This process is efficient, eco-friendly, and produces no harmful emissions.

Fuel cells can be tested by monitoring factors such as voltage output, temperature, pressure, and fuel flow rate. Performance tests can be conducted under various operating conditions to evaluate efficiency and stability. Additionally, performing a visual inspection of the fuel cell components can help identify any signs of wear or damage.

A hydrogen fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Hydrogen gas is fed into the anode, where it is split into protons and electrons. The electrons flow through an external circuit, generating electricity, while the protons combine with oxygen from the air at the cathode to form water.

The reactants for a hydrogen fuel cell are hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2), and the product is water (H2O). The reaction in the fuel cell involves the oxidation of hydrogen at the anode and reduction of oxygen at the cathode, with the flow of electrons creating an electric current.