Laboratory Testing

If your blood group is O RH positive Kell negative, it means you have blood type O, are Rh-positive, and do not have the Kell antigen on your red blood cells. This information is important for blood transfusions to ensure compatibility with donor blood.

One parent would need to have:

type AO, AA, or AB

and

rh ++ or +-

and the other parent would need to have:

type BO, BB, or AB

and

rh ++ or +-

A person with AO or AA will have type A blood; a person with ++ or +- will have + as the rh factor; a person with BO or BB will have type B blood.

In other words neither can be O. And BOTH cannot be A or B or negative. As long as one carries A (by either being A or AB) and one carries B (by being either B or AB) a child can have AB blood. Negative is recessive therefore as long as one parent has positive blood it is fine. :)

For electrolytes, it is recommended to wear a color that helps you stay cool, such as light blue or white. These colors can help reflect sunlight and heat, making your body temperature more comfortable during physical activity.

There are a couple of different types of dwarfism.

A common type being Achondroplasia which is based on the FGR3 gene.
However, it is autosomal dominant. So that anybody that is a "carrier" of this gene would also express the gene and have dwarfism. You can not carry a recessive version of the gene.

If you have a parent with dwarfism, I would encourage you and your short statured parent to have a genetic consult. By testing the parent or family member with dwarfism, they would have a better idea of which genes you might or might not be carrying.

A large number of the cases of Dwarfism are also due to random mutations with no family history. Genes that can be passed on, but not in either parent.

Color tests can be taken online through various websites such as X-Rite or EnChroma, or in-person through optometrists or eye doctors who specialize in color vision testing. These tests can help assess color blindness or color perception deficiencies.

Comprehensive metabolic panel is the study of how long it takes the body to break down nutrients in the body without any motion or mobility. Comprehensive metabolic panels are study panels that can measure the propensity of a person to lose body fat based on the chemical break down of digested foods with a record of any activity.

The color top tube used for prothrombin time (PT) is typically light blue. This tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which is necessary to prevent blood clotting during PT testing.

A creatine level of 99 µmol/L is within the normal range for adults. Normal creatine levels can vary, but typically fall between 53-106 µmol/L for males and 44-97 µmol/L for females. If you have concerns about your creatine levels, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation.

Yes, you can drink water before an A1c test. It is important to stay hydrated, and water will not affect the results of the test. However, it's best to follow any specific fasting instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

NHDL stands for Non-High Density Lipoprotein. It is a calculated measurement that includes all types of cholesterol except for HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol. NHDL levels are used to assess cardiovascular risk and are often included in lipid panels.

A normal creatinine level can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and muscle mass. However, in general, a creatinine level of 0.66 mg/dL is considered within the normal range for most adults. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper interpretation of your individual creatinine results.

The microalbumin/creatinine ratio is a test used to measure the amount of albumin (a type of protein) relative to creatinine in the urine. It is often used to assess kidney function, particularly in individuals with diabetes or hypertension, as increased levels of albumin can indicate kidney damage. A higher ratio suggests kidney impairment and may indicate the early stages of kidney disease.

A creatinine level of 1.11 mg/dL can be considered within the normal range for many adults. The kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood, and the level can vary based on factors like muscle mass, age, and hydration status. It's important to have a healthcare provider interpret your specific creatinine level in the context of your overall health.

A urobilinogen level of 4 in urine is within the normal range. Levels between 0.2-1.0 mg/dL are considered typical. Levels above 1.0 mg/dL may indicate liver disease or hemolytic disorders.

A serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL is within the normal range for adults. Creatinine is a waste product that the kidneys filter out of the blood. Levels can vary based on age, muscle mass, and other factors.

The tube used for CA 125 testing is typically a red-top tube or a gold-top tube, which contains a gel separator. The gel separator helps in separating serum from cells during the centrifugation process, allowing for accurate testing of CA 125 levels.

The color top tube used to collect whole blood with an additive is typically a lavender or purple top tube. This type of tube is commonly used for collecting blood samples for hematology testing.

The tubes used for fasting glucose is the SST tubes. The tubes are clear in color. The stoppers for the tubes are gold and red gray in color. The tubes contain a gel inside for separating the blood.

Yes, alcohol consumption can affect white blood cell count by suppressing the immune system's response, which may alter the results of a blood test. Chronic alcohol use can also lead to conditions such as liver disease or malnutrition, which can further impact white blood cell counts.

No, I do not spin a blue top tube.

The "INR" stands for international normalized ratio, when referring to laboratory studies. A "low" INR is normal, and there are no specific dangers. However, if a patient requires anticoagulant therapy (Coumadin, Lovenox, etc.), then a low INR would mean a greater chance of developing a blood clot.

Water fasting is a process in which an individual consumes only water for a period of time. There are several reasons why people choose to water fast. One may do so for health purposes, religious reasons, and for medical reasons. One must proceed with caution due to the fact that prolonged fasting may pose health risks.

A comprehensive metabolic panel typically includes tests for glucose, electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium), kidney function (such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), liver function (such as albumin and bilirubin), and sometimes cholesterol levels. It provides information about various aspects of your body's metabolism and organ function.

Fasting is not usually required for a dilantin level test. It is best to follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions before the test, as requirements may vary. Drinking plenty of water before the test can help ensure accurate results.

A red-top tube is typically used for rubella testing, as it contains no additives and allows for serum separation after centrifugation.