Which phase of the Moon comes immediately before the new Moon phase?
The phase of the Moon that comes immediately before the new Moon phase is the waning crescent phase.
Waxing crescent is the phase that follows the new moon when it appears as a small outer portion of a circle.
What phase that comes 1 week before the New Moon?
The phase that comes one week before the New Moon is the Last Quarter Moon. During this phase, half of the Moon's surface is illuminated, appearing as a half-circle in the sky. It signifies a time of reflection and letting go, as the Moon's illumination decreases leading up to the New Moon.
No, a 'gibbous moon' is part of the regular lunar cycle. The moon takes roughly 30 days to go from a new moon, through all its phases, to become a new moon again. For a little under 3/8th of this time, the moon will be a gibbous moon, which will either be waxing gibbous towards a full moon and waning gibbous away from it.