Nervous System

the plasma membrane surrounding a Schwann cell of a myelinated nerve fiber and separating layers of myelin

It is a part of interphase where no dividing occurs. This is a phase called G0.

Sensory neurones carry impulses to the CNS, motor neurones carry impulses to muscles.

refractory period

The process by which neural impulses are transmitted through the nervous system is best described as electric impulses. Any damage to a nerve in the system will cause a breakdown in communication between nerve ending and the brain.

automatic nervous system

The extent to which movement and sensation are damaged depends on the level of the spinal cord injury.

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There are many that are involved... some that have nothing to do with kicking at all and for that matter are not even in your feet ... nerves are information highway that send massage from the brain to the body part that is requesting said information..

Somatic Nervous System

All mammals have a similar nervous systems. They are like humans, dogs, cats, mice, and rhinoceros.

vagus nerve

Gustatory receptors are found on the tongue and pharynx and are taste receptors. They sense particles of foodstuffs dissolved in saliva and provide us with the sense of taste.

Spinal cord and brain

The skeletal and immune systems have a complex relationship. Both systems are intimately coupled, with osteoclastogenesis and hematopoiesis occurring in the bone marrow. Bone and immune cells also share common hematopoietic precursors. Furthermore, the skeletal and immune systems share various cytokines, receptors, and transcription factors that regulate signal transduction pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis and immune system activation, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κΒ/osteoprotegerin (RANKL-RANK-OPG) pathway. Cancer cells can disrupt both the skeletal and immune systems. Interaction between cancer and bone cells results in a vicious cycle of bone destruction and cancer growth. Bone remodeling generates a growth-factor-rich environment that attracts cancer cells and promotes their proliferation. In turn, cancer cells stimulate osteoclast formation and activity, resulting in additional bone resorption that further stimulates cancer cell growth. Currently available bone-targeted therapies may also modulate the immune system. Bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid exert stimulating effects on the immune system, resulting in possible anticancer activity against malignant cells. Denosumab, an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody with proven antiosteoclast activity, may suppress immune responses. This may result in the reported association with an increased risk of neoplasms, as well as serious skin and other infections as reported in some studies, mainly in the postmenopausal setting. When assessing bone-targeted therapies, it is important to consider the shared signaling pathways between bone and the immune system, as well as the clinical risk:benefit ratio.

The two types of peripheral nerves are somatic and autonomic nerves.

The autonomic system controls bodily functions that are in constant motion without the conscious mind aware of it, such as food digestion and heart beating. It has nothing to do with gender preferences.

A balise is a beacon that is used on a train control system. This balise acts as a transponder between rails. This is primarily used for safety rationale to make sure that train accidents are prevented.

peripheral nervous system consist of nerves conveying impulses from brain to sense receptor and from sense receptor to brain.

Movement scientists refer to body coordination as motor coordination, a term that describes the interactions between your muscular, skeletal and nervous systems. Clear communication between these systems creates coordinated movements. Injury, disease, alcohol, drugs and faulty postural alignment might cause communication roadblocks, which interfere with your body's ability to coordinate your movements.

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The basic "principal" behind somatic motor pathways is a pathway from your "brain" or regions in or near the brain where nerve impluses travel from and go to skeletal muscle to cause a muscle contraction. (It's complicated, but doesn't get any more basic than this) -Jordan Bourne

There are two types of spinal cord injuries. Complete spinal cord injuries refer to the types of injuries that result in complete loss of function below the level of the injury, while incomplete spinal cord injuries are those that result in some sensation and feeling below the point of injury. The level and degree of function in incomplete injuries is highly individual, and is dependent upon the way in which the spinal cord has been damaged. Complete spinal cord injuries result in complete paraplegia or complete tetraplegia. Complete paraplegia is described as permanent loss of motor and nerve function at T1 level or below, resulting in loss of sensation and movement in the legs, bowel, bladder, and sexual region. Arms and hands retain normal function. Some people with complete paraplegia have partial trunk movement, allowing them to stand or walk short distances with assistive equipment. In the majority of cases, complete paraplegics choose to get around via a self-propelled wheelchair. Complete tetraplegia is characterized by the loss of hand and arm movement as well. Some tetraplegics require ventilator systems in order to breathe. Depending upon the location of the injury, some tetraplegics may have some arm and hand movement present. Incomplete spinal cord injuries are more common than complete injuries, and are characterized by some degree of sensation and movement below the point of injury. The extent of an incomplete injury is generally determined after spinal shock has subsided, approximately six or eight weeks post injury. Incomplete spinal injuries can result in some feeling but little or no movement, or in some movement but little or no feeling. Incomplete spinal injuries fall under five different classifications: * Anterior cord syndrome: characterized by damage to the front of the spinal cord, resulting in impaired temperature, touch, and pain sensations below the point of injury. Some movement can later be recovered.

* Central cord syndrome: characterized by damage in the center of the spinal cord that results in loss of function in the arms but some leg movement. Some recovery is possible.

* Posterior cord syndrome: characterized by damage to the back of the spinal cord, resulting in good muscle power, pain, and temperature sensation, but poor coordination.

* Brown-Sequard syndrome: characterized by damage to one side of the spinal cord, resulting in impaired loss of movement but preserved sensation on one side of the body, and preserved movement and loss of sensation on the other side of the body.

* Cauda equina lesion: characterized by injury to the nerves located between the first and second lumbar region of the spine, resulting in partial or complete loss of sensation. In some cases, nerves regrow and function is recovered.

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

The class of nutrient that is necessary for production of certain hormones and that forms a coating on nerves is