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Pacemakers
An artificial pacemaker is a medical device that regulates the heartbeat via electrical impulses that are delivered by electrodes, which contracts the muscles of the heart. Pacemakers are given to people who have a slow natural pacemaker or those who have a cardiac obstruction blocking natural electrical impulses.
470 Questions
How many lives has the pacemaker saved?
When a heart is functioning normally, all of the heart's muscle fibers contract at roughly the same moment in time, producing a heartbeat (or pulse). It's important that the muscle fibers contract in a coordinated fashion, or else the heart wouldn't be able to squeeze the blood out of the ventricles and into the arteries. The heart signals the muscle fibers to contract at the same time via an electrical impulse through a bundle of nerve fibers.
When a heart attack occurs, the muscle fibers are all contracting at different times and out of coordination. Even though the nerve bundle is sending the signal, the muscle fibers are ignoring it. This lack of coordination fails to produce a heartbeat, blood pressure drops substantially, and the victim of the heart attack will rapidly lose consciousness (from immediately to within 45 seconds). If corrective action isn't taken within a few minutes, the victim will suffer brain damage and eventually death. Brain damage begins in as little as 4 minutes, and brain death occurs after about 8 to 12 minutes.
A defibrillator is used to send a single electric shock through the entire heart muscle. This "resets" the muscle fibers into coordination again. It forces all of the muscle fibers to contract simultaneously, and hopefully all of the muscle fibers will sense the signal from the nerve bundle, and resume normal coordinated contraction once again. This shock is called "defibrillation" because the muscle fibers are said to be "fibrillating", or quivering, when a heart attack is in progress.
The sooner the shock is applied, the more likely the heart will reset to a normal beat. The longer the heart fibrillates, the less chance defibrillation will work.
It's important to note that fibrillation doesn't occur in all heart attacks; sometimes the heart's rhythm may be something else during a heart attack and a defibrillator will not shock the heart. For example, if a heart attack victim is conscious, it is unlikely their heart is in need of defibrillation. And, fibrillation is not in and of itself a disease. Rather, there is almost always a precipitating factor that caused the heart to begin fibrillating, such as a blocked coronary artery (most common), congestive heart failure, toxic amounts of certain drugs, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), or other causes. Rarely does a heart spontaneously begin fibrillation for no reason. Still though, a condition does exist for this and for people with this condition, they may have a defibrillator implanted within their chest.
Lastly, it is important to note that defibrillation does not "jump start" the heart. While this seems like a natural analogy (a defibrillator attached to a patient does somewhat look like jumper cables connected to a car), defbrillation is more akin to restarting a computer. Or, whipping a bunch of kids in line that have become unruly by announcing they won't get to go to Chuck E Cheese if they don't immediately start behaving.
Names of all members who performed in Gerry and the Pacemakers?
Gerry and the Pacemakers were formed in Liverpool, England, in 1959 as "The Mars Bars", until the confectionary company of the same name forced them to change. Gerry Marsden - vocals and lead guitar Les Chadwick - bass Freddie Marsden - drums Arthur Mack - ??? - left in late 1960 Les Maguire - piano, saxophone (replaced Arthur Mack) They disbanded in October 1966. The band has done some touring more recently, but with Gerry being the only original member.
Is 90 too old to get a pacemaker?
No as long as there are no other debillitating condition which would prevent it- it gets done regulaly. there are external pacemakers as well.
What are pacemaker potentials and the action potential they trigger?
Pacemaker potentials are automatic potentials generated and are exclusively seen in the heart. They arise from the natural "leakiness" of the membrane that pacemaker cells have, resulting in passive movement of both Na+ and Ca2+ across the membrane, rising the membrane potential to about -40mV. This results in a spontaneous depolarization of the muscle that has a rise in the curve that is nowhere near as steep as the action potential of other cells. Upon depolarization, the cell will return back to its resting membrane voltage, and continue the potential again.
What is the Global period following implantation of a pacemaker?
For permanent pacemakers and automatic internal cardiac defibrillators there is a 90-day global period following the date of implant that no E/M services related to the procedure can be charged. However, E/M services NOT related may be charged using a -24 modifier, and most other non-E/M services should be billable as usual (as far as I know).
Note: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services supplies a Global Surgery Fact Sheet that defines a Global Surgical Package for hospital billing and coding. A Global Surgical Package is a surgery and hospitalization that involves more than one doctor or surgeon.
Why is the invention of the internal pacemaker important?
Some people die when their heart beats become irregular. By installing a pacemaker, it gave them 10 to 20 more years of life.
Do you take medications with pacemaker?
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Why would you faint when you have a pacemaker?
Fainting with a pacemaker can occur due to several reasons, including inadequate blood flow if the heart isn't pacing effectively or if the pacemaker malfunctions. Other factors might include low blood pressure, dehydration, or underlying medical conditions such as arrhythmias or autonomic dysfunction. It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional to determine the specific cause and ensure the pacemaker is functioning properly.
What are the two escape pacemakers and their intrinsic rates?
The two escape pacemakers in the heart are the atrioventricular (AV) node and the Purkinje fibers. The AV node typically has an intrinsic rate of 40 to 60 beats per minute, while the Purkinje fibers have a lower intrinsic rate of about 20 to 40 beats per minute. These pacemakers take over when the primary pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node, fails to generate impulses effectively.
How many people have a pacemaker in the UK?
Probably about 600,000 pacemakers have been fitted, but many patients with pacemakers will now no longer be alive, so I estimate that there are probably around 250,000-300,000 pacemaker patients in the UK.
Why pacemaker is hard real time system?
A pacemaker is considered a hard real-time system because it must deliver precise timing in its functions to ensure patient safety and health. It continuously monitors heart rhythms and must respond immediately to any abnormalities to maintain proper heart function, as delays could lead to life-threatening situations. The deterministic behavior required for timely responses, along with the critical nature of its operations, categorizes it within hard real-time systems, where failure to meet deadlines can result in severe consequences.
The CPT code for the percutaneous insertion of a dual-chamber pacemaker is 33263. For the ICD-9-CM code, you would typically use 37.94, which represents the insertion of a dual-chamber pacemaker. Ensure to verify with current coding guidelines, as codes can be updated or vary based on specific clinical circumstances.
