Persian Empire

He established 20 provinces each with its own Persian governor responsible for security and increasing prosperity, overseen by himself and his council.

Cathay is what today we call China. Persia is what we now call Iran. One thing you must keep in mind; and it is the fact that former Cathay is today's China doesn't mean that the territory is exactly the same as today. Cathay was a tad smaller than today's China. About Iran, today it is smaller than Persia was. Hope this helps.

He established 20 provinces run by governors, while he and his council oversaw their activities.

The Persian royalty intermarried with female relatives to avoid having challenges of succession, the Greeks had no royalty so it was irrelevant.

The Judeans did not defeat Persia, the Persians under their king Cyrus the Great took control of Judah which was already under control of the Babylonians whom Persia replaced as ruler. The Babylonians had already deported the entire aristocracy of Judea. Persian king Cyrus the Great allowed them to return and try to reclaim their ancestral estates.

22 years.

They adopted the customs of other cultures, which made it easier to maintain control of their vast empire.

phillip II

First Susa, then Persepolis.

The Athenians, at the time, had a democratic government, meaning that they were governed by the vote of the people.

In 499 BC, the Ionian Revolt began, wherein several cities in the Persian Empire rebelled against Persian rule to become democratic. The Athenians, being democratic themselves, supported the rebels. Ultimately, Persian won and retained control of the rebel territory, but they then attacked Greece because the Greeks had supported the rebellion against them.

The Delian League was defensive, and protected the Greek city-states, not to take over Anatolia, which remained under Persian control except for the Greek cities. The 180 cities of the Delian League paid for the navies of Athens, Samos, Chios and Lesbos which were able to keep the Persian navy away and provide ground support for threatened cities. After 30 years the Persians gave up trying to regain control of the cities and left them to their own devices, agreeing in the Peace of Callias not to go beyond specific lines by sea, and accept the independence of the Greek city-states in Asia Minor.

Athens the Persian threat subsided, Athens converted the Delian League into an empire of its own and used its war contributions for its own benefit, and used the League resources to try to dominate Greece, leading to the Peloponnesian War against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. After losing this war by 404 BCE, Athens was stripped of its empire, and became a second rate power. A short time later Persia took the opportunity to reabsorb these cities in Asia Minor and impose the 'King's Peace' on the still-warring Greek city-states in mainland Greece, whose fighting was spilling over into the Persian Empire.

by treating conquered people fairly.

He attempted to civilise the areas he brought into his empire, appointing Persian governors responsible for internal and external security, but leaving local government in the hands of local aristocracies and retaining their traditional customs.

Major of liberality and dependent in hard copy

he had a giant zit

Actually most were happy to leave the swamp of trying to force peace onto the ever-warring Greeks.

royal road

The Persians lost, and the war went on for another 30 years until Persia gave up its attempts to impose peace on the Greek city-states and left them to go back to their customary fighting and destruction of each other.

Alexander tried to impose Greek culture on the empire after he took it over. After his death his generals divided the empire up and established what we call today the Hellenistic Kingdoms based on Greek culture. This culture was limited to the upper class, but established centres of learning in some centres such as Alexandria.

Khaki, and yes, you are right. Does anyone know what 面白い?? Please comment below.

He tried by establishing 70 Greek-style city-states, hoping Greek culture would be unifying, ignoring the fact that Greek cities were notorious for endless fighting amongst each other.

He married his senior Macedonians to Persian upper class women, hoping for a new unified breed of ruling class, but the Macedonians did not regard the progeny as equals.

He established Persian units within his army.

He promoted Greek language , but this persisted mainly at a commercial language.

Alexander died early and his generals divided his empire amongst themselves, forming separate kingdoms. The Hellenisation was superficial, confined to the ruling class - the remainder of the various peoples maintained their traditional cultures and languages.

By expanding its military and cultural influence over an entire region - Apex

King of Kings (Shahanshah).

Persians ruled the conquered kingdom lightly, like, conquered kingdoms were allowed to keep their kings and their elites as long as they pledged allegiance to the Persian King and paid taxes, which is why the Persian king was known as The King of Kings.