Persian Empire

I don't think Zeus died.

Greece was devastated, paving the way for Macedonia to take control, and use the combined resources to take over the Persian Empire.

The Persians did not flee to their ships. They were embarking their cavalry to be shipped around to Athens to capture the city while the Athenian army was at Marathon - traitors were to open the gates of the city for them.

When the Athenian and allied Plataean armies, which were awaiting the arrival of reinforcements from Sparta and lurking in the hills where the Persian cavalry couldn't get at them, saw the cavalry being embarked, they ran down and defeated the inferior Persian infantry, now unprotected by its cavalry. The embarked Persian cavalry went off around the coast to Athens.

Having defeated the Persian infantry, the Athenians realised where the cavalry was headed, and all 18,000 ran back the 26 miles over the hills to Athens, arriving just in time to form up in front of the city as the Persian cavalry was being disembarked. The cavalry, frustrated, went home.

So it was the whole Athenian army which ran the first 'marathon', giving rise to today's marathon races. The difference is that, unlike our pampered athletes of today, they ran carrying shields, armour and weapons, in sandals. But then, they had the incentive of saving their families and homes.

The geography remained the same - continents did not move and mountains and rivers went on unheeding. Politically, Alexander simply took over the Persian Empire and converted it into an empire of his own.

Alexander the Great.

The climate was warm but occasionally it did rain in the northern area.

The spring of 330 B.C. Alexander left Persepolis, after burning the palace as symbolic revenge for the Persian destruction of the Acropolis in 480. Alexander chased the fleeing Darius, who was eventually killed by his entourage. Alexander honoured the corpse, and then established his succession to Darius as Lord of Asia by securing the north-eastern states. By 326 Alexander was heading for India.

Many of the objects that their artists created were being used in the royal court

Iran.

Responsible rule, leaving local government in place.

Light taxes.

Provision of internal and external security.

Improving properity.

They took them initially by military force, then governed with provincial governors (Satraps), leaving the various peoples, tribes and cities to govern themselves using their traditional forms of local governance.

He established secure boundaries and divided the empire into 20 provinces each with a governor responsible for internal and external security, overseen by himself and his council.

By appointing 20 provincial Persian governors to supervise the local city, princely and tribal governments, and provide defence from local and external threats; and maintaining central control and supervision by himself and his council.

A ruthless conqueror.

A benevolent dictator.

A man with a mission to bring civilisation and prosperity to a region riven by war and degradation.

Systems of communication and transportation today that compared to the Royal Roads of the Persians are common day highways. Highways are used to speed up the process and allow us to travel easier between places just like the Royal Roads.

The victory over Persia in 480-479 was achieved by a southern Greek alliance - there was no Athenian empire.

Sparta proposed that Greeks located within the Persian empire, who had caused the problem in the first place, be repatriated back to mainland Greece. Athens proposed that an alliance of the cites sustain a fleet which could guarantee protection of the Greek cities within the Persian empire. This was implemented (the Spartan plan was adopted over 2,000 years later in 1923 CE when Greeks in Turkey were repatriated).

The cities contributed ships or money. Most took the easy option of money which allowed Athens to maintain its superior navy at little cost. It was rigorous in collecting the contributions, by force when necessary. While the league was not an Athenian empire, it has been called that in modern terms.

After further battles withe Persia in 466 and 450 BCE, a peace was agreed in the 449 BCE Peace of Callias. Athens continued to collect the tribute and used it to beautify the city (Parthenon etc) and pay for nearly half its citizens to on the public payroll.

This was a very cozy arrangement, however Athens went too far in getting involved in the Peloponnesian war, as a result of which it lost this comfortable empire, as well as wrecking the Greek world in the process.

solon

They didn't seldom rebel because he let them keep their own customs

Cyrus the Great; Persian Empire

King Cyrus of Persia expanded to incorporate Media, and this combined power enabled him to take over Babylon and expand further to the east and west.

Cyrus the Great; Persian Empire

It extended from Asia Minor to today's Pakistan. It was governed by provincial governors controlling indigenous city, principality and tribal local governments. Its government was designed to maintain peace, order and prosperity.

the real answer is 20 years old
22 years old.

The Persian Empire was an absolute monarchy. It was divided into 20 provinces (satrapies) each with a governor responsible to the king and his council for local and external security and tax collection. The tribal, city and petty kingdoms in the provinces continued to rule themselves according to their traditional ways.

he divided it into 20 provencies