Research Methodology

Qualitative

100% its that and not quantitative

The variable is qualitative because it is an attribute characteristic.

Qualitative data are most likely to be collected in a qualitative analysis, which involves examining non-numeric information such as words, pictures, and observations to understand underlying meanings, themes, or patterns. This type of analysis focuses on interpreting and understanding the quality of data rather than measuring it quantitatively.

The primary research method used in structuralism was introspection. Participants were asked to describe their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in response to stimuli, which were then analyzed to uncover the underlying structure of the mind.

Qualitative research methods waned in popularity because of issues related to subjectivity and variability in findings when different researchers utilized the technique. This led to a greater emphasis on the reliability and replicability of research results, driving the decline in qualitative research.

Quality is value. Object is presence. Objectivity is not subjectivity or quantified:

Qualitative is judgment based upon relative norms requiring predetermined values of or what would be perceived as capacity for known parameters. That means preset beliefs that even if ones perception is not altered by the subject matter it has already been established, predetermined a criterion that is quantified. Whereas objectivity only requires existence, reported of whatever perspective characteristics of your research are present. Quality requires a set level of bias to qualify as material.

Qualitative observations involve descriptions that cannot be measured with numbers, such as colors, textures, and smells. Quantitative observations involve measurements and numerical data, providing specific quantities or amounts.

The four main research methods are experimental research, correlational research, descriptive research, and qualitative research. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to test causal relationships, correlational research examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, descriptive research aims to describe a phenomenon, and qualitative research explores underlying motivations, attitudes, and behaviors through methods such as interviews and observations.

Qualitative evidence that someone has been drinking may include the smell of alcohol on their breath or clothes, changes in behavior such as slurred speech or unsteady movements, and physical signs like red eyes or flushed skin. Other signs could be empty alcohol containers nearby or the person admitting to drinking.

The color of flowers is compared.

The height of radish seedlings is measured

Psychohistory is the science of historical motivations. This branch of science combines the insights of psychotherapy with the research methodology of the social sciences to understand the emotional origin of the social and political behavior of groups and nations, past and present.

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It is important for students to use research methods because it helps them develop critical thinking skills, evaluate information accurately, and make well-informed decisions. Research methods also enable students to gather evidence to support their arguments and ideas, leading to a deeper understanding of their subject matter.

Sigmund Freud primarily used the case study method to gather information and develop his theories of abnormal behavior. He conducted in-depth analysis of individual patients, using techniques like free association and dream analysis to uncover unconscious thoughts and conflicts. Freud's focus on individual cases allowed him to explore the complexities of psychopathology in depth.

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Quantitative observations: Measuring the temperature of water, counting the number of leaves on a plant, recording the weight of an object, timing how long it takes for a pendulum to swing, measuring the length of a book.

Qualitative observations: Describing the color of a flower, noting the smell of freshly baked bread, observing the texture of a rock, listening to the sound of chirping birds, feeling the softness of a cotton fabric.

Research methods help ensure that information is gathered in a systematic and reliable manner, leading to more accurate and valid results. Utilizing research methods also helps to avoid biases and errors in data collection and analysis, thereby enhancing the credibility and quality of the answers provided.

1. Formative evaluation: Involves ongoing feedback and assessment during program development to improve effectiveness and make modifications as needed.
2. Summative evaluation: Focuses on measuring the overall impact and outcomes of a program or intervention after it has been implemented.
3. Process evaluation: Examines the implementation and delivery of a program to assess fidelity and identify areas for improvement in service delivery.
4. Outcome evaluation: Assesses the effectiveness and impact of a program on its intended outcomes or goals.

If you are closely following the logic of science in sociological research, you are likely to be using the quantitative research method. This method involves the collection of numerical data through surveys, experiments, or statistical analysis to test hypotheses and make generalizations about the population being studied.

Step 1: Identify the Problem

The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The research problem may be something the agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or information that is needed by the agency, or the desire to identify a Recreation trend nationally.

Step 2: Review the Literature

Now that the problem has been identified, the researcher must learn more about the topic under investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the literature related to the research problem. This step provides foundational knowledge about the problem area.

Step 3: Clarify the Problem

Many times the initial problem identified in the first step of the process is too large or broad in scope. In step 3 of the process, the researcher clarifies the problem and narrows the scope of the study. This can only be done after the literature has been reviewed. The knowledge gained through the review of literature guides the researcher in clarifying and narrowing the research project.

Step 4: Clearly Define Terms and Concepts

Terms and concepts are words or phrases used in the purpose statement of the study or the description of the study. These items need to be specifically defined as they apply to the study. Terms or concepts often have different definitions depending on who is reading the study. To minimize confusion about what the terms and phrases mean, the researcher must specifically define them for the study.

Step 5: Define the Population

Research projects can focus on a specific group of people, facilities, park development, employee evaluations, programs, financial status, marketing efforts, or the integration of technology into the operations.

Step 6: Develop the Instrumentation Plan

The plan for the study is referred to as the instrumentation plan. The instrumentation plan serves as the road map for the entire study, specifying who will participate in the study; how, when, and where data will be collected; and the content of the program.

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Step 7: Collect Data

Once the instrumentation plan is completed, the actual study begins with the collection of data. The collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the research question.

Step 8: Analyze the Data

All the time, effort, and resources dedicated to steps 1 through 7 of the research process culminate in this final step. The researcher finally has data to analyze so that the research question can be answered

Customers should have a significant influence by providing feedback, suggestions, and insights that can help refine the methodology to better meet their evolving needs and expectations. Their input can ensure that the redesigned methodology remains customer-centric and continues to deliver value. Involving customers can also help enhance buy-in and adoption of the updated methodology.

Experimental research method yields the most definite evidence of cause-effect conclusions because it involves manipulating variables, controlling extraneous factors, and randomly assigning participants to conditions, allowing researchers to establish a causal relationship between variables.

One strength of observational research methods is that they allow researchers to directly observe behavior in natural settings without manipulating variables, providing a more real-life representation of behavior.

The methodology of a study outlines the approach and procedures used to collect data and conduct research. This section typically includes details on the study design, sample selection, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. The analysis of the study involves interpreting the data collected, identifying patterns or trends, and drawing conclusions based on the findings. It is important for researchers to use appropriate statistical tools and techniques to analyze the data accurately and to ensure the validity and reliability of the study results.

Basic steps of the qualitative research method include defining the research question, collecting data through methods like interviews or observations, analyzing the data by identifying themes or patterns, and drawing conclusions based on the findings. It is crucial to ensure data validity and reliability throughout the process.

Naturalistic observation is the research method that involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way. It allows researchers to study behavior in natural settings to gain insights into real-world behaviors.

Casual-comparative research method is a type of research design that involves examining the relationship between variables without manipulating them. It aims to determine if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables being studied. This method is also known as quasi-experimental research.

The Tuskegee Experiment used an observational study design. Researchers observed the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men without their informed consent. This study was ethically and morally problematic due to the lack of informed consent and the withholding of treatment.