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Scuba
S.C.U.B.A. = Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. Here is all the information you need to learn and be safe while enjoying this great sport. Explore the last frontier and uncharted depths in the S.C.U.B.A. category.
999 Questions
How is the diver treated for the bends?
By represurising the diver to the presure that he was at then slowly normalising it. this is done in a decompresion chamber. If a decompression chamber is not used, the person will die immediatly. Do not pass go, do not collect 200$ The above is a nice basic answer. Decompression sickness results from bubbles occurring in the body after surfacing from a dive. The treatment is to recompress the diver in a recompression chamber (not a decompression chamber) to a certain pressure or depth. Different facilities use different treatment methods and therefore different depths as well as different treatment times. The pressure on the diver makes any bubbles in the body smaller and therefore easier to eliminate as well as relieving any pain the diver is experiencing from the bubbles. The diver is also given oxygen to breath since this will cause the excess inert gas in the diver (i.e. nitrogen if air was used to breath during the dive) to be eliminated faster (since nitrogen is no longer being breathed and therefore it has a pure driving force for elimination).
Why do Scuba Divers enter the water backwards?
Just because it is easier. It's hard to stand up in fins (FLIPPERS) on a rocking boat!!
Do you wear a jockstrap and cup when biking?
Cups are mandatory for Baseball, Softball, Hockey, LaCrosse and any other sport where a ball, puck, or stick is used and could come into contact with your balls or penis. Of course, some choose not to wear one, but believe me, when you take a hockey stick in the groin or a line drive to your testicles, you'll regret not wearing one.
I think that soccer is where the biggest debate occurs about using a cup. Some say it's a good idea, but others say that with all the running and other leg action that goes along with soccer, the cup either gets in the way, is uncomfortable, or both. Some say the "soft cups" work well for soccer but of course don't offer as much protection.
Guys do end up in the hospital for testicular injuries suffered while playing sports. The phrase "burst testicle" is not appealing to me!
Some guys prefer to wear a cup in what are thought of as "non-contact" sports too. This may be because a cup supports and holds the vitals differently compared with a regular jockstrap. For some guys, a cup is more comfortable and adds to their physique more compared with a regular jockstrap.
Answer:
I agree with the first answer, except that I don't wear a cup for soccer. I always wore a jockstrap with a cup for baseball and lax, but for soccer I just wear a regular jockstrap. A cup seems like overkill. Like wearing a helmet for soccer! But I do need the support of a jock.
Can scuba divers pass gas at 33 feet below?
Yes, they can pass gas at 33 feet below. why not?
No problem as long as the pressure released is greater than the pressure around you... Been there done that ...but make sure no snorkeller is catching the bubble with a funnel to stay down with you..hehehe
How deep can you dive without equipment on?
You should perform a safety stop for all recreational dives. It significantly reduces the risks of decompression sickness.
A safety stop is a 3 minute stop at 15 feet before ascending to the surface.
The recreational limits for diving are 60 feet for OW divers and 100 feet for AOW divers. If you go any deeper, you risk serious injury. The recreational limits have been designed with statistical safety in mind. Any "deep" dive (those below 60 feet) should have a safety stop.
Never, never, never dive just to set records or see just how far you can go. That way lies madness and fatalities.
Read "Diver Down", available at your public library or on Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Diver-Down-Michael-R-Ange/dp/0071445722
The Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) is the largest diver training organization in the world.
How thick of wetsuit do you need?
This all depends on the way you are going to use the wetsuit.
The cooler the water you will be in, the thicker your wetsuit should be. However, with thickness comes a loss of mobility. If the water isn't too cold, and mobility is a major concern, a springsuit would be a good choice (shorter legs/sleeves). But if the water is frigid a fullsuit would be the better choice.
What do divers need to put on their feet?
Typically, divers use "booties" that are made of neoprene. That is the same material wetsuits are made of. They usually have rubber on the bottom of them so you don't slip around, but they are made to wear while wearing fins. You put the booties inside the fin for maximum comfort while diving. They're usually about 20-30 bucks at the dive shops and last about 5 years assuming you dive about 20 times a year.
How do scuba divers prevent decompression sickness?
Divers can lessen their chances of getting decompression sickness by minimizing pre and post-dive activity and exertion, do slow ascents (no faster than 30'/minute), stay well within no-stop time limits, and always do safety stops including deeper safety stops.
What is the treatment for nitrogen narcosis?
don't scuba dive in deep water. Stay above 80 ft. of depth.
Helium may be used as a substitute for nitrogen to dilute oxygen for deep water diving. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and chemically inert. However, it is more expensive than nitrogen and drains body heat from a diver.
Why do scuba divers need to exhale air when they ascend to the surface of the water?
Air in your lungs is compressed by the pressure of the water. As the pressure of the water goes down (as you go up) then the air will expand. If you allow it to expand while trapped in your body, you can damage your ears and lungs. ascending means starting from least and moving towards highest
How do you stop your scuba goggles from hurtting your forehead?
First, in American parlance, "goggles" refer to lenses that fit the eyes but don''t cover the nose. If this is the device you're talking about, you cannot use it for SCUBA. The nose has to be covered so that you can equalize air pressure in the mask with outside water pressure. Next, you shouldn't ever wear your mask on your forehead. If you're wearing it, it needs to be over your eyes or around your neck. Wearing a mask on your forehead is a great way to lose a mask -- annoying on the boat and dangerous in-water. FInally, if you mean your forehead hurts when you're wearing your mask on your eyes, it sounds like you have the strap too tight. Do this at HOME: 1. Loosen the strap so it doesn't hold the mask on at all. 2. Press the mask onto your face and inhale. If the mask sticks to your face for 10 or more seconds, great --- it fits. If it readily falls off, this mask doesn't fit you. Go get a mask that does fit (using steps 1 and 2 at the dive store), and start this procedure again. 3. If you're here, your mask fits. Now, tighten the strap a little, so that the least pressure possible to hold the mask on your face is what you're getting from tyhe strap. Then tighten it just a little more.
Most scuba tanks are filled with simple purified air.
However, some are filled with oxygen enriched air called 'nitrox' or (less commonly) a blend of helium, oxygen and nitrogen called 'trimix' or (even less commonly) helitrox or heliox.
Why are tides important to the fisherman and scuba diver?
Tide charts are used by many fisherman in different ways. Some prefer to fish between 2 hours before and 2 hours after high tide. Others prefer fishing low tides, but the majority prefer fishing a fast out-going tide. There is much more to tide fishing then high and low tides. Many other factors are involved. The time of year, the weather, location and the species of fish you are looking for to name a few. The best way to learn about fishing the tides is talking to your local fisherman and Charter Captains. The best time for me to fish is when I have the time! http://www.bradentoncharterfishing.com
At what age can you go scuba diving?
There is no upper age limit for getting certified for scuba diving. As long as your medical history does not prevent you from doing so. The lower age limit depends on the agency, but can be as young as 10-12
Who was the first person to deep sea dive?
The official world record is held by Nuno Gomez (South Africa) who recorded a dive to 1,076 feet in 2005.
Unofficially, most people accept that Pascal Bernabe (France) actually accomplished a slightly deeper dive (1,089 feet) later in 2005, but Bernabe's dive was not accepted by the Guiness Book of World Records for reasons that are unclear.
How long does a scuba diving certification last?
There are no exact numbers, but PADI, the largest diver training organisation publishes statistics on its certifications, and it certifies approximately 950,000 divers per year. However, only about 550,000 of those are new divers - the rest are divers who are already certified but who have received further advanced training.
It has been estimated (by the NY Times) that PADI certifies about 70% of divers trained in the US, and about 55% of the divers trained worldwide. If we extrapolate those numbers, then that suggests that every year about 1,725,000 diving certifications are issued, of which approximately 1,000,000are new divers.
But obviously the more one extrapolates statistics and estimates, the fuzzier the maths gets, so I would treat those as very rough estimates.
What is scuba diving used for?
S.C.U.B.A. is an acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
No one should attempt to use scuba gear unless they are trained. While scuba is a safe sport, proper training is required. Check with your local clubs for instruction courses.
What is the maximum depth ever reached in a scuba dive?
Given a solid suit or vehicle, where pressure is maintained near normal sea-level (1 atmosphere), there is obviously no limit, except that we haven't yet built a machine that can with-hold that type of pressure yet. But for humans without such protection, the pressure levels in water below 1000 feet (300 m) present severe problems.
(see related links)
Modern recordsA Navy diver submerged 2,000 feet (609.6 m), setting a record using the new Atmospheric Diving System (ADS hardshell suit), off the coast of La Jolla, CA, on Aug. 1 2007.The deepest open circuit scuba dive was accomplished by Pascal Bernabé (Ralf Tech/WR1 Team) who on July 5, 2005 descended to 1,083 feet (330 m). The dive took place near Propriano, Corsica.
Re-Breather UseThe options for modern exploration are most commonly open circuit scuba and re-breather. Diving is limited by the correct mixture of breathable gases. On open circuit "classic" scuba the gas must be mixed ahead of time, while on re-breathers a diver always has the right mix of gas for the depth. Australian diver David Shaw successfully used a modified recreational re-breather to reach a depth of 888 ft (270 m) in fresh water in 2004. (Shaw died on an attempt to recover a fellow diver's body in 2005.) Oxygen RequirementsThe maximum depth that you can dive safely on air is dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen. The air that we breathe at the surface is at a partial pressure of 0.2 bar .The partial pressure increases as your depth increases : at 10 metres it will be 0.4 bar and at 20 metres it will be at 0.6 bar. Oxygen becomes toxic at approximately 1.6 bar partial pressure, giving a maximum safe diving depth on ordinary air of around 70 metres (230 ft) . Diving to this extreme depth is not recommended, as individuals tolerances may vary. Deep-diving Gas MixturesThe maximum depth someone can dive will be directly related to the percent of oxygen in the breathing mixture. The air mixture we as humans breath is mostly made up of oxygen and nitrogen. The ratio is around 80% nitrogen and 19% oxygen and 1% other gasses. The same gas, oxygen, that keeps us alive can become toxic and kill us under high pressure. But one way to prevent oxygen toxicity is to reduce the concentration of oxygen and replace it with a different gas, such as helium. Since our bodies only use about 5% of the 19% of oxygen in air, we can replace a portion of the gas with something that is relatively safe under pressure. This is called a tri-mix gas. It can be used to dive much deeper than the recreation limit of 130 feet (40 m). Another physiological problemAs the previous answers all indicate in one way or another, the primary limiting factor in most cases at least is PPO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) and various gas results including hypothermia, which gases like helium exacerbate. However, in super-high pressures, there is a problem with denaturing of various proteins in the human system. This rare and unlikely problem is still in the books and not reality, as human descent to such depths and ambient pressures has never been tried. When the Trieste descended to 36,000 ft (10,900 m) in 1960 (Marianas Trench), the people inside were protected at one atmosphere. It's likely that with exposure to extremely high pressure, human physiology may fail, for reasons unrelated to gas problems.Proteins denaturing is detectable by increased neuropathy. Given a "perfect" gas mixture, this could eventually prove fatal. Divers Alert Network (DAN) was the source of this, with the USC Catalina Chamber circa 1970, and may have indicated problems with the medullary sheath as well.
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Obviously the limit for recreational diving as it is defined by PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors) is 40m. This would be achieved using ordinary nitrox (a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen; basically air but with a slightly higher percentage of oxygen). For BSAC and SSAC (British Sub Aqua Club and Scottish Sub Aqua Club) the limit is 50m, but it is generally acknowledged that beyond 40m a decompression stop on ascent is required. BSAC and SSAC both teach deco as a part of their dive training courses. The purpose of decompression is to allow bubbles of nitrogen to escape from the blood and prevent DCI (Decompression Injuries); also to increase and decrease the air volume in the lungs and sinuses at a safe rate to minimise the effects of barotrauma on the air spaces (which are otherwise liable to implode). Technical divers scuba dive at greater depths, and one of the methods they might use is an open circuit rebreather as has been discussed above; alternatively multiple cylinders and pony bottles. Oxygen toxicity occurs as a result of the increased pressure and can result in seizures (the pressure increases with depth at a rate of one atmosphere per 10 metres) and for this reason the maximum depth at which air can safely be breathed is much debated. The general consensus is that it is around the 60m mark but of course it varies from person to person and it would be unwise to venture beyond the defined limits of recreational diving without appropriate technical training.
Through diving with various complex gas mixtures individuals have managed to reach maximum depths of around 300m, but would probably have to be taken straight to an onsite hyperbaric chamber afterwards. Pressure underwater increases at a rate of an additional atmosphere per 10 metres. The effect of this upon the lungs and sinuses is that they experience a 'squeeze' - the air volume within these air spaces in fact halves with every additional atmosphere! Divers are taught to 'equalise' (add air to the air space) their sinuses to maintain the same air volume and avoid discomfort or worse when diving. They are supposed to do this as they ascend or descend and it is achieved by pinching the nose inside the mask and breathing out, thus using the air from the lungs. The effect of the increased pressure on the lungs is less noticeable because the lungs are comparatively so large and flexible, but obviously there is little that can be done to equalise them. Generally speaking the lungs are not dangerously subject to barotrauma at depths safe to dive using air, but as you can imagine, at 300 metres the pressure has increased by 30 atmospheres, meaning the air volume of the lungs has been compacted 30 times! At greater depths than this the lungs would quite simply implode, or else could explode on returning to the surface due to excessive expansion.
What happens to the buoyant force when the amount if the density is increased?
Yes. Buoyancy force = weight of liquid displaced.If an object is less dense than the liquid, it floats. In this case no liquid is displaced. If the object is more dense than th4 liquid, it will sink displacing some liquid. the displaced liquid weight is the buoyancy force.
How do firefighters and scuba divers protect themselves from extreme temperatures?
The primary purpose of a "diving suit" is thermal protection. According to a study done by the University of Michigan, the average temperature of water near the ocean surface is about 17°C (62.6°F). This, coupled with the fact that water is a very good thermal conductor (it conducts heat away from your body about 22 times more efficiently than air) makes hypothermia one of the most significant risks to a scuba diver. The primary purpose of a diving suit is to prevent this.
There are two general categories of diving suit in common use: the wet suit and the dry suit. The goal of both is the same. They're designed to keep you warm. A wet suit, usually made of neoprene, sometimes sandwiched between two layers of fabric, is open to the surrounding water. It operates by trapping a very thin layer of water between the diver's body and the thermally insulating neoprene. The diver's body quickly heats this thin layer of water, which then serves as a further thermal insulator.
Dry suits are exactly that: dry. Made of a variety of waterproof materials including crushed neoprene and rubber treated fabric, dry suits are fitted with water-tight cuffs and neck seals. Divers typically wear insulating underwear under dry suits. The underwear and the air trapped in the suit insulate the diver from the cold water.
In both cases, diving suits increase a diver's buoyancy by displacing water with either the neoprene suit itself or by the air trapped inside the suit. This is problematic in that it requires supplementary weight to compensate for the buoyancy to make the diver neutrally buoyant. Without supplementary weight, a diving suit wearing diver would not be able to descend in water.
A secondary benefit of both wet and dry diving suits is physical protection of the diver's skin against abrasion and attack by sea life such as jellyfish and coral. Divers diving in warm water often use thin lycra or spandex suits called dive skins. Dive skins provide minimal thermal protection but do provide a measure of physical protection.
Can a tooth implant break at depth while scuba diving?
It's unlikely that fillings would ever crush, but theoretically an extremely badly made filling could crush from the pressure of a deep descent. A more common dental issue associated with diving is empty pockets of air in a filling expanding as you ascend and causing pain.
It's worth mentioning that you're a scuba diver to your dentist, and check out DAN(.org?) (Divers Alert Network) for dental health related issues.
AnswerNo, fillings do not crush, and no, they do not trap air. This is an urban myth. There has never been even one authenticated case of either ever recorded. If you think its your teeth, its most likely your ears, believe it or not, its really hard to tell the difference.
Answer Improvement.
Far more frequent than problems with dental work are sinus problems. One old, hoary way of testing if your toothache is really a sinus problem is to hop on the heel of one foot on the side that hurts. If it throbs every hop, it's sinus and not dentistry.
I realize this sounds like voodoo. The science of it is that a swollen sinus cavity will press down on the same nerve plexus that hurts when an upper tooth gets problematic. However, that bouncing motion will really throb with a swollen sinus but won't do a thing to a tooth ache.
Doubt me? Try it :}
Another answer
I don't think a filling can be crushed, but if it is fitted badly and there is a pocket of air underneath the filling there is a possibility that as you ascend the air will expand causing the filling to pop out, however I think this rarely happens. Someone mentioned telling your dentist that you are a diver, but unless they are a diver themselves they will have no idea why you are telling them that so you will probably jut get an answer along the lines of'oh really? ? That'snice'
2 what happens if a diver comes to the surface too quickly?
it depends on the depth you are assenting from and the speed.
However if your were on 30m deep and assented too fast without equalizing and continuance breathing you can hurt your lung and ears
What happens to water pressure as a diver descend?
Water presure doubles every 33 feet. Water presure doesn't actually double every 33 feet. It actually increases in pressure by one atmosphere every 33ft. Thus at 33ft the pressure would be twice what it is at the surface. At 66ft however the the pressure would be three times that at the surface... 99ft, 4 times and so on.
Is compressed air in a scuba tank homogeneous?
When you put a gas into a cylinder the particles move all over the place by a process called diffusion. Even though they have a different molecular weight, the heavier molecules do not settle at the bottom of the tank. You could take a sample of air from anywhere in the tank and it would be similar. This means it is homogeneous.
