Sherlock Holmes

The original Sherlock Holmes stories were written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

No one died on Trummelbach Falls. You probably mean Reichenbach Falls.

In the books and most movies, Prof. Moriarty (his arch nemesis) and Holmes fall off the Reichenbach Falls. Sherlock survives, but Moriarty dies. The only reason Conan Doyle killed him off was because he grew tired of the character and the series, and it was distracting him from other projects. He brought back Sherlock Holmes because fans of Holmes got angry and forced Conan Doyle to bring him back.

In the BBC modern-day adaptation of Sherlock, Moriarty tells Sherlock that he will kill Sherlock's friends is Sherlock does not kill himself. This exchange occurs on top of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Moriarty shoots himself in the head, and then Sherlock jumps to his apparent death. At the very end of the episode, it is shown that Sherlock is still alive.

Sherlock Holmes solved the mystery.

I do not know of any disease, but it might be related to the drugs he took.

Yes, he often went on crime scenes. In some cases, Scotland Yard would take him there. He would often discover clues that the police had overlooked.

This is what Watson described what living with Holmes was like (from the Dying Detective):

´´MRS. HUDSON, the landlady of Sherlock Holmes, was a long-suffering woman. Not only was her first-floor flat invaded at all hours by throngs of singular and often undesirable characters but her remarkable lodger showed an eccentricity and irregularity in his life which must have sorely tried her patience. His incredible untidiness, his addiction to music at strange hours, his occasional revolver practice within doors, his weird and often malodorous scientific experiments, and the atmosphere of violence and danger which hung around him made him the very worst tenant in London. On the other hand, his payments were princely. I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms during the years that I was with him.´´

So a really good one or a really bad one depending on how much you value timely payments.

She told them of an old tin mine on an island in the heart of the Mire where he had made preparations so that he might have a refuge.

yes

The story is set where Dartmoor National Park now located, but the story was written and takes place decades before the land was a national park.

Most likely, considering he's never been married and in those days usually that meant no sex, and even if sex did take place outside of marriage Sherlock Holmes never gave the impression he was the sort of guy that went around sleeping with women.

They were among the first serial detective stories- which Mr. Doyle took further down the road than Poe. It is going to far to say that modern police procedurals like Dragnet or the FBI owe much to Doyle, who wrote about a fictional Private Detective. so it goes.

Yes, Dr. John Watson was his apprentice or colleague.

The snake bites and kills the murderer

It looks quite like that of the Royal Marines. If it is, the only link I can see is that Sebastian Moran (Vinny Jones) was an ex Royal Marine. A trophy?

Holmes receives a note from a potential governess asking his advice on whether she should take the position and bemoans the state to which his practice has degenerated. The story soon turns into a psychological study of the occupants of the prospective household, and the analysis of the strange and dangerous events that unfold before the eyes of Holmes' observant client. In the end, the only person to suffer physical harm is the master of the house, but the everlasting effects of his cruelty remain for the future.

Well, other than his sidekick Watson, I always associate Sherlock Holmes with having a pipe, magnifying glass, and wearing a deerstalker hat. :)
His iconic costume was a deerstalker hat and an Inverness cape, however he was rarely drawn wearing them (By Sidney Paget)

North West, possibly.

To Sherlock Holmes, she was always The Woman.

If you meant what kind of nose did he have, hawk-like is the description given by Conan Doyle

The part she played was in actual fact, Ms Irene Adler, Sherlock Holmes former lover. Yes, I have read the books, watched the series, seen movies and enjoyed renditions. And have proven the previous answer to be incorrect.

Julia, and they were twins by the way.

I always get that question. Can you imagine Holmes without Watson? He would be nothing more than a crime solving, over smoking, cocaine addicted, violin playing man. Watson makes Holmes human, causes him to show a little emotion every now and then and is a GREAT chronicler. Can you imagine how much more conceited Holmes would seem if he were his own chronicler? Holmes himself said there is no better man to have at your side in a tight place, and that no one could say so with more confidence than he. Watson is like a compare and contrast with Holmes, he evens him out, keeps you on the floor, helps you understand, makes you laugh, and makes Holmes all the more lovable.

Afterwards Holmes confessed that he didn't think he would be able to fool him. He mimicked going mad from a poisoned needle. But as goo an actor as he was, he didn't trust that the makeup and tricks he used would escape Watson's expert medical eye.