Skeletal System

A mammoth has around 317-322 bones in their whole body. This is based on findings of a mammoth bones in SD.

The rib cage, which is part of the skeletal system, acts as a protective barrier for the lungs. It provides a sturdy cage-like structure that can absorb and distribute some of the impact forces if you fall, helping to protect the delicate lung tissue from damage. Additionally, the surrounding muscles and soft tissues can also help cushion and protect the lungs in case of a fall.

The collarbone is fused into one V shaped bone.

Attachment of the ligaments that hold the vertebrae together and the

muscles that move them

Joints may be synovial (with a cavity) or fibrous. Synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid. Fibrous joints lack this. Fibrous joints are found in between the vertebrae.

Cartilage in is both joints. This can be hylaine or fibrocartilage. Both regenerate.

The synovial fluid is rather slippery and allows easy movement in those joints. If this joint is suddenly and rapidly pulled, the fluid doesn't fill quickly and a "snapping" sound is heard.

the three layers are....

compact bone

spongy bone

bone marrow

Tendons attach muscles to bone. Tendons are strong, fibrous connective tissues that transfer the force generated by contracting muscles to bones, allowing movement to occur.

1. Cartilage is found at the elbow joint so that the synovial fluid doesn't touches the ulna directly.

Actually it's cartilages and the synovial fluid which makes the joint movements smooth.....

Concave indented areas or openings in the bone are called cavities or depressions. These structures serve various purposes, such as providing attachment points for muscles or forming joints with other bones in the body.

The space between the cranial bones of a newborn is filled with fibrous connective tissue called fontanelles. These fontanelles allow for the baby's skull to be flexible during childbirth and allow for brain growth in the first few months of life. They eventually close as the bones of the skull fuse together.

Olfactory receptor neurons extend axons through tiny channels in the cribriform plate called olfactory foramina. These axons then travel through the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb in the brain, where they synapse with other neurons to transmit smell signals. The olfactory foramina allow for the passage of these axons while protecting the brain from potential pathogens or irritants in the nasal cavity.

Ossification means bone growth or formation. I will be disscussing breifly normal or physiological ossification because there is pathological ossification.There are two types of ossification in the human body: endochondral and intramembranous.

Most of the bones in the human skeleton , especially the long and short bones, develop via endochondrial ossification, but some including the clavicle and most of the bones of the skull( flat bones) are formed by the intramembranous type.

Intramembranous ossification , the source of most of the flat bones, is so called because it takes place within condensations of mesenchymal tissue and not by replacement of pre-existing piece of hyaline cartilage as the case in endochondral ossification. The frontal and parietal bones of the skull, as well as parts of the temporal and occipital bones and the mandible and maxilla, are formed by intra membranous ossification. This process also contributes to the growth of short bones and the thickening (not the lengthening) of long bones.

Parts of four different bones make up the bony septum: the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer, and the nasal crest of the maxilla and palatine bones. The most common symptom of a deviated septum is nasal congestion, with one side of the nose being more congested than the other, along with difficulty breathing.

nerve cord runs down the back of ALL chordates

The femur is not an organ, but the upper leg bone that is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It plays a crucial role in supporting body weight and facilitating movement. Organs, on the other hand, are structures made up of different tissues that perform specific functions within an organism.

Isometric contraction is a type of muscle movement that does not result in any change in the angle between bones. This type of contraction involves the muscle producing force without changing its length or causing movement at a joint.

If you bang you knee right below the knee cap (patella), you will hit your shin bone (tibia). If you hit right on the knee it will be your patella.

Ulna.

The tibula, fibula and ,femur are all bones to the leg.

it supports the tissues and organs in the body. Think about it like this: It is as If your organs are lights, and your nerves are the wiring. This means that certain organs can turn off- shut down- and turn back on. When they turn back on, this is like when technicians come to fix faulty lights.

The cartilage at the ends of bones is kept slippery by a substance called synovial fluid. Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the surfaces of joints during movement.

They are the result of slight changes in the genetic information that produces them.
Due basically to their common ancestry. Evolution just builds on the past and does not innovate when it can tinker, So, the closer the ancestry is the closer the skeletal arrangement will be.

The knee and elbow both are uniaxial joints. This type is a synovial joint that permits movement around only one axis and in only one plane. The articulating ends of the bones form a hinge-shaped unity that allows only flexion and extension.

multicellular organism

Humans have endoskeletons, which means their skeletons are contained within their bodies, and mostly made of bones. This is in contrast to exoskeletons, which are the outer shelling of the creature and made of more flexible material.