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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttles are reusable spacecraft with wings for controlled descent into the atmosphere. They are designed to transport astronauts between earth and an orbiting space station and to deploy and retrieve satellites. Atlantis, Discovery, and Endeavour are the three Space Shuttles in operation today.

3,420 Questions

Why does shuttle rotate on take-off?

As we explained in two earlier questions about max q, or maximum dynamic pressure, the Shuttle reaches a point about one minute after launch when the pressure force of the atmosphere rushing past the rapidly accelerating rocket reaches a peak. The roll maneuver is performed shortly before max q is reached because this "heads-down" orientation helps alleviate the stresses that the dynamic pressure loads cause on the vehicle's structure. The second factor we need to consider is that for each mission, the Shuttle must launch at a certain azimuth angle in order to be inserted into the correct orbital plane. Since the launch pad (and therefore the Shuttle) sits in a fixed position, the Shuttle must perform a roll maneuver during ascent in order to orient itself to achieve the desired launch azimuth angle. If it were possible to rotate the launch pad prior to launch, the pad could simply be rotated to accomodate the launch azimuth angle, and the Shuttle could launch into a heads-down orientation while gradually pitching over during ascent. Finally, the Shuttle orbits such that its cargo bay faces towards the Earth. The heads-down position assists in communications with the ground and allows instruments within the cargo bay to be pointed back towards Earth, which is required for many of the experiments carried within the bay. There is probably also some psychological benefit to the crew since they are given spectacular views of home rather than staring into the cold darkness of the great void of space.

- answer by Aaron Brown, 8 June 2003 The above answer was found on the internet using google on September 25, 2008, by Eduardo Linares Batres elinaresbatres@gmail.com

How much does space shuttle fuel cost?

It uses 610 tons of liquid oxygen and 100 tons of liquid hydrogen, which at market prices cost in total about US$ 200,000. The solid fuel boosters use a fuel for which there is no market price, but in total all the liquid and solid fuels used do no exceed one or two million dollars. NASA, however, spends over 700 million USD on each launch due to bureaucracy and "pork".

First Inventor of the space shuttle?

The space shuttle was designed by a team of engineers and scientists at NASA with input from various contractors. The concept of the space shuttle was first proposed in the 1960s, and the first operational space shuttle, Columbia, was launched in 1981. It was a collaborative effort involving many individuals and organizations.

How does the space shuttle get to the launch pad?

The shuttle and launch platform are moved from the Vehicle Assembly Building by the crawler transporter. the CT is a large tracked vehicle that goes under the MLP and picks it up. it drives at 0.8 miles an hour along the crawlerway. the journey takes 5-7 hours depending on the destination.

What kind of environment is space shuttle reentry?

When in the orbit, space shuttles kinetic energy is in large amounts. The energy must the disposed for a safe landing. Reentry space shuttles must show blunt shapes for the heat energy to be released into the atmosphere.

What is the space shuttles average speed?

The average speed of the space shuttle was around 17,500 miles per hour (28,000 kilometers per hour) while in orbit.

Can rockets launch in freezing weather?

No, the rules do not allow it. The Challenger disaster was caused by the failure of a seal to properly expand in near-freezing temperatures during launch. This allowed gases to escape, damage, and cause a chain of events that led to the collapse of the external fuel tank and the disintegration of the orbiter. There is the added danger if icicles falling and damaging the shuttle.

What is the cost of a space shuttle?

The cost of a space shuttle program varies. For example, the Space Shuttle program run by NASA cost approximately $450 million per mission. However, the overall cost of developing and operating a space shuttle throughout its lifetime is in the range of $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion per shuttle.

What is a rover and what is it used for?

A rover is a type of robotic space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of a planet or moon. Rovers are used to gather data, take images, and conduct experiments in remote locations where human presence is not feasible. Examples include the Mars rovers Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity.

What extraterrestial people invented the spacecraft?

There is no definitive evidence to suggest that any extraterrestrial people invented spacecraft. The development of spacecraft on Earth is attributed to human technology and ingenuity. The idea of extraterrestrial involvement in spacecraft technology remains a matter of speculation and not supported by concrete evidence.

Space station visitor 9 lettered?

Could be 'Discovery' or 'Endeavour' - both are space shuttles that have visited the International Space Station.

What kind of fuel does the space shuttle use?

The space shuttle used a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel for its main engines. These propellants are combustion products of a chemical reaction that produces high thrust for the shuttle's liftoff and orbital maneuvers.

What is the name of Russia's space shuttle?

Buran, meaning 'snowstorm' in Russian, is the name of the Russian version of the space shuttle. It was only ever flown once, unmanned, in 1988 and was destroyed when its hangar collapsed in 2002.

Where was the first space shuttle launched?

they landed in cape canaveral and in edwards california

Where did the name for the space shuttle Challenger originate?

The Space Shuttle Challenger was named after the H.M.S. Challenger, a 19th Century British Naval ship that was later converted into a marine research vessel. The Challenger Expedition was a major contributor to modern Oceanography.

How fast does a space shuttle travel in earths atmosphere?

A space shuttle reentering Earth's atmosphere travels at speeds around 17,500 miles per hour. This high speed generates intense heat due to friction with the air, causing the iconic glowing plasma trail behind the shuttle.

This country developed the first reusable space vehicle?

The United States developed the first reusable space vehicle, the Space Shuttle, in the 1980s. It was a revolutionary spacecraft that could carry astronauts and cargo into space and return to Earth to be used again for future missions.

Where did Mae Jemison work?

Mae Jemison worked as a NASA astronaut and was the first African American woman to travel into space. She flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.

Once the space shuttle is in space how do they move in a vacuum?

If you take newton's second law this sounds very easy.

"An object in motion stays in motion until an outside force acts upon it"

Since ther are now outside forces in a vacuum besides the space shuttle's engines, once you get the ship going, it keeps going until you slow it down yourself.

Since there are no air molecules to push against, you cannon use turbines or blades, you have to throw material you have away from you to change direction or speed, this is generally compressed gas or ignited rocket fuel, but in sketchy moments, an astronaut has been known to throw tools away so it pushes them to where they need to be.

What are objects in space that were sent there by humans and are no longer used?

There are many objects in space that are no longer used. For example, there are all kinds of machinery left on the Moon by astronauts. In addition there are a great number of artificial satellites still orbiting the Earth that are no longer operational.

Have fish ever been taken up into outer space on the space shuttle?

Yes, experiments have been conducted to further understand the effects of microgravity on many different species, fish are among those who have been in space.

Skylab 3 held the first fish, a mummichog, to enter space.1

An aquatic habitat was constructed on the ISS (international space station) to house, medaka, zebrafish and Xenopus.2 Most material delivered for the construction, maintenance and research conducted aboard ISS has been transferred through the space shuttle.

There is ongoing research involving aquatic animals and their response to microgravity.3

Refrences

# http://history.nasa.gov/animals.html # http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631634 # http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15858359

Does water take up space?

Yes, water does take up space. It has mass and volume, which means it occupies a certain amount of space depending on the quantity of water present.

What was the name of the space shuttle that replaced Challenger in 1991?

Discovery

Discovery was launched two years before the Challenger blew up.

The replacement was "Endeavour"

How fast does a space shuttle travel while in orbit?

A space shuttle travels at an average speed of approximately 17,500 miles per hour (28,000 kilometers per hour) while in orbit around the Earth. This high speed is essential to balance the force of gravity and maintain a stable orbit.

Who designed the first space shuttle?

The first space shuttle, known as the Space Shuttle Columbia, was designed by NASA in collaboration with various contractors including North American Rockwell and Boeing. Robert Crippen and John Young were the pilots of the first mission, STS-1, which launched on April 12, 1981.