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List and briefly define the possible states that define an instruction execution?
The possible states that define an instruction execution are as follows: Instruction address calculation - Determine the address of the next instruction to be executed. Instruction fetch - Read instruction from its memory location into the processor. Instruction operation decoding - Analyze instruction to determine type of operation to be performed and operand to be used. Operand address calculation - If the operation involves reference to an operand in memory or available via I/O, then determine the address of the operand. Operand fetch - Fetch the operand from memory or read it in from I/O. Data operation - Perform the operation indicated in the instruction. Operand store - Write the result into memory or out to I/O.
What are the different phases in instruction execution explain?
Instruction execution can be divided into five phases. These are Phase-I: INSTRUCTION FETCH (IF) II: INSTRUCTION DECODE & OPERAND FETCH (ID) III: EXECUTION (EX) V: MEMORY OPERATION (MEM) V: WRITE BACK (WB) - Regards, Subhradip Das
What is the difference between operand and opcode?
op code is used as the value of instruction . And operand is address location where the instruction can meet.
Instruction cycle with indirect?
In an instruction cycle with indirect addressing, the CPU fetches the instruction, decodes it to determine the memory address of the operand stored in a register, fetches the operand from the memory location pointed to by the register, and executes the instruction using the operand. Finally, the CPU stores the result back in memory if needed. This extra step of fetching the operand based on the indirect memory address adds complexity to the instruction cycle.
Advantages of an Accumulator based CPU?
[1] the accumulator is meant to be an operand. so there is no requirement for the operand address field for one operand in the instruction. this results in short of CPU supports zero address instructions. Normally CPUs have two types of instructions:1)zero address2)single addressthe single address instruction have one operand in main memory and the other in accumulator.[2] instruction cycle takes less time. it saves time in instruction fetching due to the absence of operand fetching due to the absence of operand fetch.
What is execute cycle in microprocessor?
The sequence of operations that the cpu has to carry out while execution is called instruction cycle. 1:- Read an Instruction 2:- Decode the instruction 3:- Find the address of operand 4:- retrieve an operand 5:- perform desired operation 6:- find the address of destination 7:- store the result into the destination
What is Inherent Addressing Mode?
1 byte instruction, no operand field
If the instruction contain four addresses what might be the purpose of each address?
1st address for operand. 2nd address for another operand. 3rd address for store the result. 4th address for next instruction.
What are the typical elements of machine instruction?
Operation code, source operand reference, result operand reference, and next instruction reference. (source: Computer organization and architercture eighth edition by William Stallings)
How many number of ways in which the operand information is specficied in the instruction code are?
5
What are operands?
Every instruction contains to parts: operation code[opcode],and operand. The first part of an instruction which specifies the task to be performed by the computer is called opcode. The second part of the instruction is the data to be operated on.,and it is called operand. The operand[or data]given in the instruction may be in various forms such as 8-bit or 16-bit data, 8-bit or 16-bit address, internal register or a register or memory location.
Why is the jump instruction jmp of 8085 microprocessor given the immediate addressing mode?
because the operand is available in the instruction itself
