The International Telecommunications Union, an international standards body, assigns telephone country codes.
Broadly speaking, country codes are divided into 8 geographic zones, although there are several exceptions where a code is assigned outside its zone.
Zone 1 consists of country code +1, which is the North American Numbering Plan, including the USA, Canada, and a variety of Caribbean and nearby islands.
Zone 5 consists of the rest of the Western Hemisphere, including Latin America, and the remaining Caribbean islands. The country codes in Zone 5 are +51 through +58 (two-digit codes), plus +500 to +509 and +590 to +599.
Zone 2 consists of Africa. Country codes +20, +27, and +211 to +291 are in Africa. Additionally, country codes +297, +298, and +299 are assigned outside Africa to places whose zones had run out of spare codes.
Zone 3/4 consists of Europe. Country codes +30 through +49, +35X, +37X, +38X, and +42X are in Europe.
Zone 6 consists of the Australia/Pacific region, including Thailand, the Philippines, and all the island nations of the Pacific. Country codes +60 through +66 and +670 through +692 are in this region.
Zone 7, which is country code +7, originally was the USSR, but is now only Russia and Kazakhstan.
Zone 8 is eastern and southeast Asia, plus a variety of international services. +81, +82, +84, +86, +85X, +880, and +886 are geographic codes in this zone. Country codes +800, +808, +87X, +881, +882, +883, and +888 are for international services.
Zone 9 is central, western, and southern Asia, including most of the Middle East, plus a couple of international service codes. +90 to +95, +98, +96X, +97X, and +99X are in this zone, except for +979, +991, and +999, which are in use for or reserved for international services.
There are no country codes beginning with zero. If you see something like "country code 0044," that is really country code +44, but quoted with the location-dependent international access prefix. 00 is the most commonly used prefix, but North America uses 011, and many other countries use other prefixes. For that reason, it is least confusing to write the country code with the plus sign and without the international access prefix.
When a country breaks up or merges with Another Country, its telephone country code is returned to the ITU for future reassignment. However, the ITU has a policy that all future country codes will be 3-digit numbers. Thus, if a two-digit country code is returned to the ITU, it will be reassigned as ten different three-digit codes. That's what happened to East Germany (+37), Yugoslavia (+38), and Czechoslovakia (+42).
(The plus sign means "insert your international access prefix here." From a GSM mobile phone, you can enter the number in full international format, starting with the plus sign. The most common prefix is 00, but North America (USA, Canada, etc.) uses 011, Japan uses 010, Australia uses 0011, and many other countries use different prefixes.)
Telephone country code 897 is not currently assigned to any country. Country calling codes are assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and are typically three digits long. The range of assigned country calling codes is from 1 to 999, with some numbers reserved for special purposes. If a country were to be assigned the code 897 in the future, it would be updated in the ITU's official list of country calling codes.
Country codes are agreed via the ITU, an agency of the UN. Country codes beginning with +9 are in southern, central, and western Asia, and India is the largest country in that region, so it got +91.
The telephone country code system as we know it today was created in 1964 by the CCITT, an international telecommunications standards body that is now known as the ITU.
Telephone country code +1407 is not assigned to any specific country. Country calling codes are assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and +1 is the country code for North America, including the United States, Canada, and several Caribbean nations. The area code 407 is used in the United States for parts of Central Florida, including Orlando. It is important to note that country codes and area codes are different numbering systems used in telecommunications.
The telephone code 102 is designated for emergency services in India, rather than being a country-specific telephone code. In India, dialing 102 connects callers to ambulance services. Each country typically has its own specific country calling codes, but 102 is not assigned as a country code.
Officially, there are 205 geographic telephone country codes assigned and in service as of 2012, plus several non-geographic codes for global or regional services and a few codes assigned but not yet in service. However, the list gets a little bit longer if you consider, for example, +1 242 for the Bahamas as separate from +1 for North America (USA, Canada, Bahamas, and 17 other Caribbean-ish islands).
Country code +35 is assigned to Ireland.
UK telephone area codes were first assigned in 1958.
The telephone code +37 is not assigned to any single country but was historically used for several countries in the former Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the USSR, the code was split, and specific codes were allocated to individual countries. Notably, +370 is assigned to Lithuania, while +371 is for Latvia, and +372 is for Estonia.
The telephone country code for Malaysia is +60. Indonesia is +62.
The country code 181 is not assigned to any specific country for telephone calls. Country codes are typically assigned in the range of 1 to 3 digits, with each country having a unique code. The code 181 does not correspond to any recognized country code in the international dialing system. It is possible that the code 181 is used for other purposes such as internal or special dialing codes within a specific country or organization.
This are codes for every country that are assigned for the International Aviation Trasportation Association, for international flights...