The most farthest galaxy,Which is also the oldest,is about 13 Billion light years away.
It is called the A1689-zD1 Galaxy.
That is impossible to answer because scientist don't know ALL the galaxies.
They study distant galaxies because they want to know whats out in other galaxies and how many planets it has
The light from distant galaxies is redshifted. The only reasonable explanation for that is that the galaxies are moving away from us.
Moving away from us
Hubble discovered the most distant galaxies primarily through his observations of redshift, which revealed that galaxies are moving away from us. This shift in the light spectrum indicated that the universe is expanding, allowing astronomers to infer the distance of these galaxies. By analyzing the light from these distant objects, Hubble was able to identify galaxies that were billions of light-years away, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe's size and age. His work laid the foundation for modern cosmology and our understanding of the universe's evolution.
The basic idea of Hubble's Law is that galaxies (or galaxy clusters) that are farther away move away from us faster than those that are closer to us.The most distant galaxy yet found is a protogalaxy with the designation UDFj-39546284, with a redshift z = 11.9, about 13.42 billion light-years distant from the Milky Way.In case you are asking for the most distant CLUSTER of galaxies, and not the most distant astronomical galaxy, the answer would be the cluster (or protocluster, science is not yet sure about the nature of this structure) which denomination is BoRG-58 , with a redshift z≅8, and about 12 billion light-years distant from us.
The visible part of distant galaxies is the collection of stars, gas, and dust within the galaxy. These components emit light that reaches our telescopes, allowing us to observe and study the structure and properties of the galaxies.
Scientists believe that galaxies formed earlier in the universe's history, with the most distant galaxies being some of the first to have formed after the Big Bang. Studying these distant galaxies can provide insights into the early stages of galaxy formation and evolution.
The light from distant galaxies shows redshift because the universe is expanding. As the galaxies move away from us, the light they emit gets stretched, causing its wavelength to increase and shift towards the red end of the spectrum. This redshift can help scientists determine the velocity at which galaxies are moving away from us and provide insights into the expansion of the universe.
Changes in the light from distant stars and galaxies can be caused by several factors, including intrinsic variations in the stars themselves, such as pulsations or eruptions, which can alter their brightness. Additionally, gravitational lensing can bend and magnify light from distant objects due to the presence of massive foreground objects. Cosmic events like supernovae also lead to dramatic changes in brightness. Lastly, the redshift effect, caused by the expansion of the universe, can alter the observed wavelength of light from distant galaxies.
The "nucleus".
The "redshift" refers to the fact that the light is less energetic than when it was emitted; it shows that the galaxies move away from us. Should a galaxy move towards us - which is possible only for galaxies that are relatively close to us - then there would be a blueshift.