One of the ideas behind the internet is the fact that you can type in a friendly name and get directed to the site instead of the more unfriendly IP address. How is this possible?
The type of server is called the DNS server (or Domain name server)
The two can be easily compared to a phone book. Need to figure out a phone number? You look up the last name. Same idea, instead the phone number is the IP address, and the last name is the friendly name of the site (such as "answers.com")
The guidelines for domain names of an email address are that it has to match the hostname and must use hyphens and dots. The name must use letters and or digits.
Domain names ending in .gov are governmental organizations.
.gov
An A (address) record
Depending on what kind of server it is, connections can be very transient. The 'netstat -nat' command should print out a list of current TCP connections.
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Need to know what kind of server
If a device does not receive an IP address from a DHCP server, it may resort to using a link-local IP address, often in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. This automatic configuration allows the device to communicate with other devices on the same local network segment without needing a DHCP server. This process is part of the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) protocol.
A dynamically assigned IP address. This is often assigned by a DHCP server, using the DHCP protocol.
The abbreviation for a government organization in the third part of a domain name is ".gov". This domain is typically used by governmental entities in the United States and some other countries to signify official government websites.
The domain name is the part of the URL of a site that includes the site's name (example: answers) and the suffix indicating what kind of organization it is (.com for commercial). Another example is: name (wikipedia) and suffix (.org for nonprofit organization.)
Every computer connected to a network stores its own IP address, this includes small gadgets with network capabilities like some cell phones or the iPod touch .A DNS - Domain Name Server - works as a sort of phone directory for computers and stores lots of IP addresses. But a DNS is not a kind of computer, it is just a program that in principle could run anywhere.