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Periodic warming in the eastern Pacific Ocean, known as El Niño, is part of a larger climate pattern called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This phenomenon occurs when trade winds weaken, allowing warm surface waters to accumulate in the central and eastern Pacific. The resulting temperature changes can significantly impact global weather patterns, leading to altered precipitation and temperature trends across various regions. These effects can cause droughts, floods, and shifts in marine ecosystems, influencing agriculture and fisheries worldwide.

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