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Both the Amazon and the Atacama desert owe their very existence to the Andes Mountains. The general flow of the atmosphere is from east to west in South America. As the Atlantic moisture is forced up the high Andes Mountains it drops most of its rain and snow on the eastern slopes that feed the Amazon River and its tributaries. Since the moisture has difficulty crossing the mountains, the western side lies in a rain shadow and little to no precipitation occurs, forming the Atacama Desert.

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