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The distance and rate at which they are growing from "mid-ocean ridges" from which molten rock (magma) rises from the Earth's mantle. Younger rock is closest to these ridges while older rock is further. The old rock will eventually be recycled into the mantle via a process known as "subduction", marked by trenches in the ocean floor.

- source: Essentials of Geology 3rd Edition (Marshak, 42)

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