What causes up welling in the oceans?

Answer 1

Upwelling in the oceans is primarily caused by wind patterns that push surface waters away from the coast, allowing deeper, nutrient-rich waters to rise to the surface. This process is often enhanced by the rotation of the Earth, which influences the direction of ocean currents. Additionally, coastal geography, such as the shape of the coastline and the presence of continental shelves, can also play a significant role in facilitating upwelling. This influx of nutrients supports rich marine ecosystems and boosts local fisheries.