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The main processes of erosion involved in the formation of Niagara falls include hydraulic erosion, abrasion, and chemical weathering. Hydraulic erosion occurs as the force of water flows over the rocks, causing material to be removed. Abrasion happens when sediment and rocks carried by the water grind against the riverbed and banks, further wearing them down. Additionally, chemical weathering, particularly from the dissolution of limestone, has contributed to the gradual retreat of the falls over time.

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