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Before the Phoenicians, maritime trade in the Mediterranean Sea was primarily controlled by the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans, based on the island of Crete, were known for their advanced maritime culture and trade networks, thriving from around 2000 to 1450 BCE. Following them, the Mycenaeans, who emerged around 1600 BCE, expanded trade routes and engaged in commerce across the Mediterranean, particularly with Egypt and the Near East. Their influence set the stage for the later dominance of the Phoenicians in maritime trade.

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