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The discovery that the surface of Venus is noxious and hot was made by the Soviet Venera missions, particularly Venera 7, which successfully transmitted data back to Earth in 1970. These missions revealed that Venus has extreme temperatures and a thick, toxic atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide, with clouds of sulfuric acid. The findings were pivotal in understanding the planet's harsh conditions.

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Who discovered the surface of venus was hot and noxious?

I believe that an American mariner spacecraft discovered that the surface of Venus was hot. But what is the Americans name?


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The clouds of Venus are considered noxious rather than non-toxic. They are largely comprised of sulfuric acid droplets. Carl Sagan, an American astronomer, discovered that the surface of Venus was noxious and very hot which was contrary to popular opinion at the time of the discovery.


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The atmosphere of Venus was discovered in 1761 by a Russian called Mikhail Lomonosov. Venus's atmosphere was first observed in 1790 by Johann Schröter Venus hid it's interior secrets until the 20th century, when the development of spectroscopic, radar and ultraviolet observations showed more of its secrets. It was not until the Russian Venera program, did scientist really find out what the atmosphere and temperature of Venus was really like. Many Venera probes were sent to Venus, each time gathering a little bit more information. Most suffering from the immense pressure and heat. Some "died" on entry into the atmosphere another from the immense pressure One mission "failed" due to the melting of the "camera lens cap" due to the immense heat. See related link for a full descriptions of the early probes.


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An American Mariner spacecraft in 1962 flew past Venus, and discovered it seemed to have a very hot surface. A Soviet spacecraft, Venera, subsequently entered the atmosphere of Venus and found it was not only very hot, but was composed mainly of carbon dioxide, with sulfuric acid clouds. These were of course both unmanned robots. A manned landing on Venus is VERY far in the future, given how bad the place is.


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