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The Suez Canal, completed in 1869, connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and allows shipping to bypass the stormy Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. This allows goods to travel between Europe and the Indian ocean, connecting to areas of the Eastern Hemisphere more quickly and safely. It allowed Great Britain to maintain colonies in eastern Africa, India, and the East Indies, and to trade more easily with Australia. Later, it became a vital shipping route for oil from the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia, as it is in the present day.

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