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Famous pandemic outbreaks that have caused significant deaths include the Black Death in the 14th century, which killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe; the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, which claimed around 50 million lives worldwide; and the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which has resulted in over 36 million deaths since it was first identified in the late 20th century. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of deaths globally since its emergence in late 2019.

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